Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 22;14(9):1760. doi: 10.3390/nu14091760.
Nearly 22% of the Canadian population are first-generation immigrants. We investigated immigrants' health status and health deterioration over time in terms of the prevalence of chronic diseases (CDs) and their relationship to vitD status. We used cycles three (2012-2013) and four (2014-2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. These data contained unique health information and direct physical/blood measures, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D). Indicators of health status and deterioration were the prevalence of CDs diagnosed by healthcare professionals, self-reported general and mental health, and CD-related biomarkers. The data ( = 11,579) included immigrants from more than 153 countries. Immigrants were healthier than non-immigrants for most health status measures. The prevalence of CDs was higher among those who migrated to Canada aged ≥ 18 years. A longer time in Canada after immigration was associated with a higher risk for CDs. The mean S-25(OH)D was lower among immigrants, higher among patients with CDs, and inversely associated with glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, immunoglobulin E, serum ferritin, and blood hemoglobin. After adjusting for covariates, no association was found between S-25(OH)D and the prevalence of CDs. Lower levels of accumulated S-25(OH)D among immigrants may impact their health profile in terms of CD-related biomarkers, which partially explains immigrants' health deterioration over time. We recommend further longitudinal research to investigate immigrants' vitD and health deterioration.
近 22%的加拿大人口是第一代移民。我们研究了移民的健康状况和随着时间的推移健康恶化的情况，包括慢性病（CDs）的患病率及其与 vitD 状况的关系。我们使用了加拿大健康测量调查的第三轮（2012-2013 年）和第四轮（2014-2015 年）的数据。这些数据包含独特的健康信息和直接的身体/血液测量值，包括血清 25-羟维生素 D（S-25（OH）D）。健康状况和恶化的指标是由医疗保健专业人员诊断的 CDs 的患病率、自我报告的一般和心理健康状况以及与 CDs 相关的生物标志物。数据（n=11579）包括来自 153 个以上国家的移民。对于大多数健康状况指标，移民比非移民更健康。那些≥18 岁移民到加拿大的人 CDs 的患病率更高。移民后在加拿大的时间越长，患 CDs 的风险就越高。移民的平均 S-25（OH）D 水平较低，患有 CDs 的患者水平较高，与糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白比值、免疫球蛋白 E、血清铁蛋白和血红蛋白呈负相关。在调整了协变量后，S-25（OH）D 与 CDs 的患病率之间没有关联。移民累积的 S-25（OH）D 水平较低可能会影响他们的与 CDs 相关的生物标志物的健康状况，这部分解释了移民随着时间的推移健康状况恶化的原因。我们建议进行进一步的纵向研究，以调查移民的 vitD 和健康恶化情况。
