Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Nov;75(11):e14675. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14675. Epub 2021 Aug 6.
Evidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximise the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19.
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review.
Twenty-three studies containing 11 901 participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 are 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4).
This study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin-D-deficient individuals and about five times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin-D-deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
有证据表明，维生素 D 可能是免疫系统的重要支持剂，主要作用是调节细胞因子对 COVID-19 的反应。因此，我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以最大限度地利用现有关于维生素 D 在 COVID-19 中的作用的一切信息。
我们在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase 和 Web of Science 上进行了系统检索，检索时间截至 2020 年 12 月 18 日。将重点研究维生素 D 在确诊 COVID-19 患者中的作用的研究纳入系统评价。
共有 23 项研究纳入了 11901 名参与者进行荟萃分析。荟萃分析表明，41%的 COVID-19 患者患有维生素 D 缺乏症（95%CI：29%-55%），42%的患者维生素 D 水平不足（95%CI：24%-63%）。所有 COVID-19 患者的血清 25-羟维生素 D 浓度为 20.3ng/mL（95%CI：12.1-19.8）。维生素 D 缺乏症患者感染 SARS-CoV-2 的几率是维生素 D 正常患者的 3.3 倍（95%CI：2.5-4.3）。维生素 D 缺乏症患者发生重症 COVID-19 的几率是维生素 D 正常患者的 5 倍左右（OR：5.1，95%CI：2.6-10.3）。维生素 D 状态与较高的死亡率之间无显著关联（OR：1.6，95%CI：0.5-4.4）。
本研究发现，大多数 COVID-19 患者患有维生素 D 缺乏/不足症。维生素 D 缺乏症患者感染 SARS-CoV-2 的几率是维生素 D 正常患者的 3 倍左右，发生重症疾病的概率是维生素 D 正常患者的 5 倍左右。在这一人群中，维生素 D 缺乏症与死亡率之间无显著关联。
