Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 27;14(9):1826. doi: 10.3390/nu14091826.
Inadequate maternal iodine intake affects thyroid function and may impair fetal brain development. This study investigated the association between maternal iodine intake during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in offspring at 1 and 3 years of age using a nationwide birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We assessed dietary iodine intake during pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire and child neurodevelopment using the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition. The risk of delay (score below the cut-off value) for fine motor domain at 1 year of age was increased in the lowest quintile iodine intake group compared with the fourth quintile iodine intake group. The risk of delay for problem-solving at 1 year of age was increased in the lowest and second quintile iodine intake group and decreased in the highest quintile iodine intake group. The risk of delay for communication, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social domains at 3 years of age was increased in the lowest and second quintile iodine intake group compared with the fourth quintile iodine intake group, while the risk of delay for fine motor and problem-solving domains was decreased in the highest quintile iodine intake group. Low iodine intake levels in pregnancy may affect child neurodevelopment.
母体碘摄入不足会影响甲状腺功能，并可能损害胎儿大脑发育。本研究使用全国性出生队列（日本环境与儿童研究），调查了孕妇碘摄入量与 1 岁和 3 岁时儿童神经发育延迟之间的关系。我们使用食物频率问卷评估了孕期的膳食碘摄入量，使用日本版《年龄与阶段问卷》第三版评估了儿童神经发育情况。与第四五分位数碘摄入量组相比，最低五分位数碘摄入量组的 1 岁时精细运动域延迟（得分低于临界值）的风险增加。1 岁时解决问题的延迟风险在碘摄入量最低和第二低五分位数组增加，在碘摄入量最高五分位数组降低。与第四五分位数碘摄入量组相比，最低和第二低五分位数碘摄入量组的 3 岁时沟通、精细运动、解决问题和个人-社会领域的延迟风险增加，而最高五分位数碘摄入量组的精细运动和解决问题领域的延迟风险降低。妊娠期间碘摄入水平低可能会影响儿童神经发育。
