Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Apr 28;27(9):2815. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092815.
The plant is rich in biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids. These alkaline polar compounds are isolated from raw materials with the use of acidified water or methanol; next, after alkalisation of the extract, they are extracted using chloroform or dichloromethane. This procedure requires the use of toxic solvents. The present study assessed the possibility of using volatile natural deep eutectic solvents (VNADESs) for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of alkaloids. The roots and herb of the plant were subjected three times to extraction with various menthol, thymol, and camphor mixtures and with water and methanol (acidified and nonacidified). It has been shown that alkaloids can be efficiently isolated using menthol-camphor and menthol-thymol mixtures. In comparison with the extraction with acidified methanol, the use of appropriate VNADESs formulations yielded higher amounts of protopine (by 16%), chelidonine (35%), berberine (76%), chelerythrine (12%), and coptisine (180%). Sanguinarine extraction efficiency was at the same level. Additionally, the values of the contact angles of the raw materials treated with the tested solvents were assessed, and higher wetting dynamics were observed in the case of VNADESs when compared with water. These results suggest that VNADESs can be used for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of alkaloids.
该植物富含具有生物活性的异喹啉生物碱。这些碱性极性化合物是从原料中用酸化水或甲醇提取出来的；然后，在提取物碱化后，用氯仿或二氯甲烷进行提取。这个过程需要使用有毒溶剂。本研究评估了使用挥发性天然深共熔溶剂（VNADESs）进行高效、环保提取生物碱的可能性。对该植物的根和草进行了三次萃取，分别使用不同的薄荷醇、百里酚和樟脑混合物以及水和甲醇（酸化和非酸化）。结果表明，薄荷醇-樟脑和薄荷醇-百里酚混合物可以有效地分离生物碱。与酸化甲醇的提取相比，使用适当的 VNADESs 配方可以获得更高含量的原阿片碱（增加 16%）、白屈菜碱（增加 35%）、小檗碱（增加 76%）、白屈菜红碱（增加 12%）和黄连碱（增加 180%）。血根碱的提取效率相同。此外，还评估了用测试溶剂处理的原料的接触角值，与水相比，VNADESs 具有更高的润湿动力学。这些结果表明，VNADESs 可用于高效、环保地提取生物碱。
