Karsazi Hossein, Hatami Javad, Rostami Reza, Moghadamzadeh Ali
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Curriculum Development and Instruction Methods, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 2;13:889177. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.889177. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) and examine the relationship between life experience and memory function. To this end, two studies were conducted. Study one examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity of the Persian version of LEQ with 247 healthy elderly individuals (M age = 70.17, = 4.42; 55.9% women). The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution, including Knowledge, Physical, Socialization, Artistic, and Leisure dimensions, which accounted for 42.42% of the explained variance. The internal consistency of the LEQ was in the acceptable range (α = 0.703). Also, the LEQ and its subscales (except the Artistic subscale) had a negative relationship with geriatric depression and a positive relationship with a healthy lifestyle, supporting the measure's convergent and discriminant validity. In the second study, we examined the relationship between LEQ (total and subscales score) and memory function using Pearson correlation and moderating analysis with 149 participants (M age = 70.37, = 4.29; 55.03% women). The results demonstrated that the LEQ total and subscales scores correlated positively with episodic memory. In the same vein, LEQ total score and Knowledge subscale showed a positive correlation with semantic memory. The results of moderation analysis showed that LEQ subscales have a different role in memory decline. The knowledge subscale as a content component moderates the effect of age on semantic memory (B = 0.005, = 2.021, = 0.045), while the mid-life non-specific activities, which are based on life stages, moderate the effect of age on episodic memory (B = 0.007, = 3.348, = 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicated that the Persian version of the LEQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring experiences and activities throughout life, which can be used in professional clinical and research settings in the aging context with Iranian elderly samples. Furthermore, our findings suggest that various life experiences can be considered cognitive reserves in old age.
本研究旨在验证《一生经历问卷》（LEQ）的波斯语版本，并考察生活经历与记忆功能之间的关系。为此，进行了两项研究。研究一考察了波斯语版LEQ在247名健康老年人（年龄中位数 = 70.17，标准差 = 4.42；55.9%为女性）中的因子结构、内部一致性以及聚合效度和区分效度。探索性因子分析得出了一个五因子结构，包括知识、身体、社交、艺术和休闲维度，这五个维度解释了42.42%的方差变异。LEQ的内部一致性处于可接受范围（α = 0.703）。此外，LEQ及其子量表（艺术子量表除外）与老年抑郁呈负相关，与健康生活方式呈正相关，这支持了该量表的聚合效度和区分效度。在第二项研究中，我们使用Pearson相关分析和调节分析，考察了149名参与者（年龄中位数 = 70.37，标准差 = 4.29；55.03%为女性）的LEQ（总分及各子量表得分）与记忆功能之间的关系。结果表明，LEQ总分及各子量表得分与情景记忆呈正相关。同样，LEQ总分和知识子量表与语义记忆呈正相关。调节分析结果表明，LEQ各子量表在记忆衰退中发挥着不同作用。知识子量表作为一个内容成分，调节了年龄对语义记忆的影响（B = 0.005，t = 2.021，p = 0.045），而基于生命阶段的中年非特定活动调节了年龄对情景记忆的影响（B = 0.007，t = 3.348，p = 0.001）。总之，我们的结果表明，波斯语版LEQ是一种有效且可靠的工具，可用于测量一生的经历和活动，可在伊朗老年样本的老龄化背景下用于专业临床和研究环境。此外，我们的研究结果表明，各种生活经历可被视为老年期的认知储备。
