Tuerlings Tina, Buydens Louella, Smagghe Guy, Piot Niels
Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2022 May 5;18:135-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.05.001. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Nearly two fifths of the Earth's land area is currently used for agriculture, substantially impacting the environment and ecosystems. Besides the direct impact through land use change, intensive agriculture can also have an indirect impact, for example by changing wildlife epidemiology. We review here the potential effects of mass-flowering crops (MFCs), which are rapidly expanding in global cropping area, on the epidemiology of known pathogens in bee pollinators. We bring together the fifty MFCs with largest global area harvested and give an overview of their pollination dependency as well as their impact on bee pollinators. When in bloom these crops provide an abundance of flowers, which can provide nutrition for bees and increase bee reproduction. After their short bloom peak, however, the fields turn into green deserts. These big changes in floral availability strongly affect the plant-pollinator network, which in turn affects the pathogen transmission network, mediated by shared flowers. We address this dual role of flowers provided by MFCs, serving as nutritional resources as well as pathogen transmission spots, and bring together the current knowledge to assess how MFCs could affect pathogen prevalence in bee pollinator communities.
目前，近五分之二的地球陆地面积用于农业，这对环境和生态系统产生了重大影响。除了土地利用变化带来的直接影响外，集约化农业还可能产生间接影响，例如改变野生动物流行病学。在此，我们综述了全球种植面积正在迅速扩大的大面积开花作物（MFCs）对传粉蜜蜂中已知病原体流行病学的潜在影响。我们汇总了全球收获面积最大的50种大面积开花作物，并概述了它们对授粉的依赖性以及对传粉蜜蜂的影响。这些作物开花时会提供大量花朵，可为蜜蜂提供营养并增加蜜蜂繁殖。然而，在短暂的开花高峰期过后，田地就变成了绿色沙漠。花卉可利用性的这些巨大变化强烈影响植物-传粉者网络，进而影响由共享花朵介导的病原体传播网络。我们探讨了大面积开花作物所提供花朵的双重作用，它们既是营养资源又是病原体传播场所，并汇总现有知识以评估大面积开花作物如何影响传粉蜜蜂群落中的病原体流行率。
