Kuntz Benjamin, Rattay Petra, Poethko-Müller Christina, Thamm Roma, Hölling Heike, Lampert Thomas
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring.
J Health Monit. 2018 Sep 19;3(3):17-33. doi: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2018-083. eCollection 2018 Sep.
The close link between socioeconomic status (SES) and health can already be observed in childhood and adolescence. Although the vast majority of children and adolescents grow up healthily in Germany, social inequalities in health exist. The results of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2) demonstrate that children and adolescents with a low SES have a poorer level of general health and face health constraints more frequently than their peers with a higher SES. Social inequalities in mental health are significantly more profound than in the 12-month prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The odds of being affected by mental health problems or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were 2.8 to 4.4 times higher for children and adolescents with a low SES compared to their peers with a high SES. Therefore, in order to enable all children and adolescents to grow up healthily, health promotion and disease prevention measures need to be put in place early in a child's life and need to be tailored to the needs of particular target groups.
社会经济地位（SES）与健康之间的紧密联系在儿童和青少年时期就已显现。尽管绝大多数德国儿童和青少年健康成长，但健康方面的社会不平等现象依然存在。德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查第二轮（KiGGS Wave 2）的结果表明，社会经济地位较低的儿童和青少年总体健康水平较差，比社会经济地位较高的同龄人更频繁地面临健康限制。心理健康方面的社会不平等比支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的12个月患病率方面的不平等更为显著。社会经济地位较低的儿童和青少年受心理健康问题或注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）影响的几率比社会经济地位较高的同龄人高出2.8至4.4倍。因此，为了让所有儿童和青少年健康成长，需要在儿童生命早期就实施健康促进和疾病预防措施，并根据特定目标群体的需求进行调整。
