Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
Small Methods. 2022 Jul;6(7):e2200139. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202200139. Epub 2022 May 19.
Diverse gases (NO, CO, H S, H , etc.) have been widely applied in the medical intervention of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, bacterial infection, etc., attributing to their inherent biomedical activities. Although many gases have many biomedical activities, their clinical use is still limited due to the rapid and free diffusion behavior of these gases molecules, which may cause potential side effects and/or ineffective treatment. Gas-generating nanoplatforms (GGNs) are effective strategies to address the aforementioned challenges of gas therapy by preventing gas production or release at nonspecific sites, enhancing GGNs accumulation at targeted sites, and controlling gas release in response to exogenous (UV, NIR, US, etc.) or endogenous (H O , GSH, pH, etc.) stimuli at the lesion site, further maintaining gas concentration within the effective range and achieving the purpose of disease treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the advancements of "state-of-the-art" GGNs in the recent three years, with emphasis on the composition, structure, preparation process, and gas release mechanism of the nanocarriers. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects and limitations of GGNs in preclinical studies using cell/animal models are discussed. Overall, this review enlightens the further development of this field and promotes the clinical transformation of gas therapy.
多种气体（如 NO、CO、H2S、H2等）已广泛应用于各种疾病的医学干预，包括癌症、心血管疾病、缺血再灌注损伤、细菌感染等，这归因于它们固有的生物医学活性。尽管许多气体具有多种生物医学活性，但由于这些气体分子的快速和自由扩散行为，它们的临床应用仍然受到限制，这可能导致潜在的副作用和/或无效的治疗。气体生成纳米平台（GGN）是解决气体治疗上述挑战的有效策略，通过防止气体在非特异性部位产生或释放，增强 GGN 在靶向部位的积累，并控制气体在病变部位对外源（UV、NIR、US 等）或内源性（H2O、GSH、pH 等）刺激的释放，进一步维持气体浓度在有效范围内，达到治疗疾病的目的。本综述全面总结了近三年来“最先进”GGN 的进展，重点介绍了纳米载体的组成、结构、制备工艺和气体释放机制。此外，还讨论了 GGN 在细胞/动物模型的临床前研究中的治疗效果和局限性。总的来说，本综述为该领域的进一步发展提供了启示，并促进了气体治疗的临床转化。
