Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Jun 1;70(21):6328-6353. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01365. Epub 2022 May 20.
HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides) are the third most important nutrient in breast milk. As complex glycans, HMOs play an important role in regulating neonatal intestinal immunity, resisting viral and bacterial infections, displaying anti-inflammatory characteristics, and promoting brain development. Although there have been some previous reports of HMOs, a detailed literature review summarizing the structure-activity relationships and dose-dependent effects of HMOs is lacking. Hence, after introducing the structures and synthetic pathways of HMOs, this review summarizes and categorizes identified structure-function relationships of HMOs. Differential mechanisms of different structural HMOs utilization by microorganisms are summarized. This review also emphasizes the recent advances in the interactions between different health benefits and the variance of dosage effect based on in vitro cell tests, animal experiments, and human intervention studies. The potential relationships between the chemical structure, the dosage selection, and the physiological properties of HMOs as functional foods are vital for further understanding of HMOs and their future applications.
人乳寡糖（HMOs）是母乳中第三大重要营养物质。作为复杂的糖缀合物，HMOs 在调节新生儿肠道免疫、抵抗病毒和细菌感染、表现出抗炎特性以及促进大脑发育方面发挥着重要作用。尽管之前已经有一些关于 HMOs 的报道，但缺乏对 HMOs 的结构-活性关系和剂量依赖性影响进行详细文献综述。因此，在介绍 HMOs 的结构和合成途径之后，本综述总结并分类了已确定的 HMOs 的结构-功能关系。总结了不同结构的 HMOs 被微生物利用的不同机制。本综述还强调了基于体外细胞试验、动物实验和人体干预研究的不同健康益处和剂量效应变化之间的最新进展。HMOs 作为功能性食品的化学结构、剂量选择和生理特性之间的潜在关系对于进一步了解 HMOs 及其未来应用至关重要。
