Physics Department, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
Departament d'Enginyeria Informática i Matemátiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 430007, Spain.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2022 Jul 11;380(2227):20200412. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0412. Epub 2022 May 23.
The behaviour of individuals is a main actor in the control of the spread of a communicable disease and, in turn, the spread of an infectious disease can trigger behavioural changes in a population. Here, we study the emergence of individuals' protective behaviours in response to the spread of a disease by considering two different social attitudes within the same population: concerned and risky. Generally speaking, concerned individuals have a larger risk aversion than risky individuals. To study the emergence of protective behaviours, we couple, to the epidemic evolution of a susceptible-infected-susceptible model, a decision game based on the perceived risk of infection. Using this framework, we find the effect of the protection strategy on the epidemic threshold for each of the two subpopulations (concerned and risky), and study under which conditions risky individuals are persuaded to protect themselves or, on the contrary, can take advantage of a herd immunity by remaining healthy without protecting themselves, thanks to the shield provided by concerned individuals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies'.
个体行为是控制传染病传播的主要因素，而传染病的传播又会引发人群行为的变化。在这里，我们通过在同一人群中考虑两种不同的社会态度（关注和冒险）来研究个体为应对疾病传播而采取保护行为的出现。一般来说，关注个体比冒险个体的风险规避程度更大。为了研究保护行为的出现，我们将易感染-感染-易感染模型的传染病演化与基于感染风险感知的决策游戏相结合。使用这个框架，我们发现了保护策略对两个亚群体（关注和冒险）的传染病阈值的影响，并研究了在哪些条件下，冒险个体可以保护自己，或者相反，他们可以通过保持健康而不保护自己，利用关注个体提供的群体免疫力来获利。本文是“复杂物理和社会技术系统中的涌现现象：从细胞到社会”主题的一部分。
