Arunachalam Karuppusamy, Sreeja Puthanpura Sasidharan, Yang Xuefei
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 May 5;13:874474. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874474. eCollection 2022.
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine illness affecting people all over the world and is of serious health and financial concern. Antidiabetic medicine delivered through pharmacotherapy, including synthetic antidiabetic drugs, are known to have several negative effects. Fortunately, several natural polysaccharides have antidiabetic properties, and the use of these polysaccharides as adjuncts to conventional therapy is becoming more common, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The review of current literature presented here focusses, therefore, on the antioxidant properties of mushroom polysaccharides used in the management of diabetic complications, and discusses whether these antioxidant properties contribute to the deactivation of the oxidative stress-related signalling pathways, and to the amelioration of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the relevant information concerning the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of mushrooms from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus or Google Scholar, for the period 1994 to 2021. In total, 104 different polysaccharides from mushrooms have been found to have antidiabetic effects. Most of the literature on mushroom polysaccharides has demonstrated the beneficial effects of these polysaccharides on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels. This review discuss the effects of these polysaccharides on hyperglycemia and other alternative antioxidant therapies for diabetic complications through their applications and limits, in order to gain a better understanding of how they can be used to treat DM. Preclinical and phytochemical investigations have found that most of the active polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms have antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the development of DM. Further research is necessary to confirm whether mushroom polysaccharides can effectively alleviate hyperglycemia, and the mechanisms by which they do this, and to investigate whether these polysaccharides might be utilized as a complementary therapy for the prevention and management of DM in the future.
糖尿病是一种普遍存在的代谢和内分泌疾病，影响着全世界的人们，是严重的健康和经济问题。已知通过药物疗法提供的抗糖尿病药物，包括合成抗糖尿病药物，有多种负面影响。幸运的是，几种天然多糖具有抗糖尿病特性，将这些多糖用作传统疗法的辅助手段正变得越来越普遍，尤其是在欠发达国家。氧化应激在糖尿病（DM）的发展中起关键作用。因此，本文对当前文献的综述聚焦于用于管理糖尿病并发症的蘑菇多糖的抗氧化特性，并讨论这些抗氧化特性是否有助于使氧化应激相关信号通路失活，以及改善β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗。在本研究中，我们对1994年至2021年期间来自电子数据库（如PubMed、Scopus或谷歌学术）的有关蘑菇抗氧化和抗糖尿病作用的相关信息进行了系统综述。总共发现104种不同的蘑菇多糖具有抗糖尿病作用。大多数关于蘑菇多糖的文献都证明了这些多糖对活性氧和氮物种（RONS）水平的有益影响。本综述通过其应用和局限性讨论了这些多糖对高血糖症和糖尿病并发症的其他替代抗氧化疗法的影响，以便更好地了解它们如何用于治疗糖尿病。临床前和植物化学研究发现，从蘑菇中提取的大多数活性多糖具有抗氧化活性，可降低氧化应激并预防糖尿病的发展。有必要进一步研究以确认蘑菇多糖是否能有效缓解高血糖症及其作用机制，并研究这些多糖未来是否可作为预防和管理糖尿病的补充疗法。
