Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; University Key Lab for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jul;126:73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.036. Epub 2022 May 21.
The increasing demand for fish consumption has promoted the rapid development of fish aquaculture. With the continuous expansion of culture scale and the deterioration of culture environment, various diseases have broken out frequently, leading to huge economic losses to fish farming. Antibiotics and chemicals are common options to prevent and control of fish diseases, but their use is now restricted or even banned due to serious problems such as drug residues, pathogen resistance, and environmental pollution. Herbs and their extracts have increasingly become promising supplements and alternatives, because of their effectiveness, safety, environmental friendliness and less drug resistance. The application of herbal medicines in prevention and control of fish diseases is mainly attributed to the powerful immune enhancement, antioxidation or direct anti-pathogenic efficacies of their effective components, including mainly polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. Recently these herbal active ingredients have been extensively studied for their efficacies in prevention and control of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases in fish. In the present paper, we comprehensively summarize the research progress of the active ingredients of herbal medicines used for prevention and control of fish diseases, especially of their action mechanisms, and highlight the potential application of the herbal medicines in fish aquaculture.
随着鱼类消费需求的不断增长，推动了水产养殖业的快速发展。但随着养殖规模的不断扩大和养殖环境的恶化，各种疾病频繁爆发，给水产养殖造成了巨大的经济损失。抗生素和化学药品是预防和控制鱼类疾病的常用方法，但由于药物残留、病原体耐药性和环境污染等严重问题，它们的使用现在受到限制甚至被禁止。草药及其提取物由于其有效性、安全性、环保性和较少的耐药性，越来越成为有前途的补充剂和替代品。草药在鱼类疾病防治中的应用主要归因于其有效成分的强大免疫增强、抗氧化或直接抗病原体功效，这些有效成分主要包括多酚、多糖、皂苷、类黄酮、生物碱和精油。最近，这些草药的活性成分在预防和控制鱼类的病毒性、细菌性、寄生虫和真菌疾病方面的功效得到了广泛研究。本文全面总结了用于预防和控制鱼类疾病的草药活性成分的研究进展，特别是它们的作用机制，并强调了草药在水产养殖中的潜在应用。
