School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
J Integr Med. 2021 Mar;19(2):89-103. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.12.003. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
The processing of Chinese herbal medicine is a form of pharmaceutical technology developed over thousands of years, in order to increase efficiency and decrease toxicity of herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Herbal processing is essential for safe and effective application of TCM in clinical practice, as it alters the active chemical components and therefore the functions of herbal medicines. Alkaloid-rich herbal medicines in TCM are commonly processed by cleansing, cutting, processing by dry stir-frying, stir-frying with liquid adjuvants, and processing by water decoction. In addition, commonly used adjuvants for processing alkaloid-rich herbal medicines are river sand, wine, vinegar, brine, honey and herbal juice. For alkaloid-rich herbal medicines, the main chemical reactions that occur during processing include hydrolysis, oxidation, replacement, decomposition and condensation. This paper aimed to summarize the processing methods and mechanisms for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines, and provide much-needed theoretical support and scientific evidence for understanding those mechanisms and effects. Information on processing methods for alkaloid-rich herbal medicines was collected from classic books of herbal medicine, PhD and MSc dissertations, online scientific databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar. This paper should help to advance our knowledge of the processing mechanisms and aid in the development of processing methods for alkaloid-rich Chinese herbal medicines.
中药炮制是一种经过数千年发展的制药技术，旨在提高中药（TCM）中草药的效率和降低毒性。草药炮制对于 TCM 在临床实践中的安全有效应用至关重要，因为它改变了草药的活性化学成分，从而改变了草药的功能。TCM 中富含生物碱的草药通常通过清洗、切割、干炒、加辅料炒和水煮等方法进行炮制。此外，常用于炮制富含生物碱的草药的辅料有河沙、酒、醋、盐水、蜂蜜和草药汁。对于富含生物碱的草药，炮制过程中主要发生的化学反应包括水解、氧化、取代、分解和缩合。本文旨在总结富含生物碱的中草药的炮制方法和机制，为理解这些机制和作用提供急需的理论支持和科学依据。富含生物碱的草药炮制方法的信息来自草药经典著作、博士和硕士论文、在线科学数据库，包括 PubMed、SciFinder、Scopus、Web of Science、百度学术和谷歌学术。本文有助于提高我们对炮制机制的认识，并有助于开发富含生物碱的中草药的炮制方法。
