Camerini Anne-Linda, Albanese Emiliano, Marciano Laura
Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
Comput Hum Behav Rep. 2022 Aug;7:100204. doi: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100204. Epub 2022 May 20.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of children and adolescents in an unprecedented way. In the present study, we focused on two activities that have been likely affected by mitigation measures: screen time and green time. We investigated how both influenced each other during the pandemic, how they affected children's and adolescents' mental health, and which role socio-demographic characteristics have in predicting screen time, green time, and mental health. We used data collected between autumn 2020 and spring 2021 from 844 participants aged 5 to 19 of a population-based, prospective cohort study in Canton Ticino, Italian-speaking Switzerland. We analyzed the data using an extended version of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model with time-invariant socio-demographic covariates and mental health as outcome. Results showed that, at the between-person level, screen time was a risk factor and green time a protective factor of mental health. However, within-person deviations of screen time and green time during the pandemic did not consistently predict mental health. Furthermore, they did not influence each other over time. Gender, age, perceived economic situation of the family, Body Mass Index and the availability of green space nearby all influenced stable measures of green time and screen time (i.e., random intercepts). Our results highlight the need for targeted actions to promote green time and raise awareness about the detrimental effect of screen time on children's and adolescents' mental health.
新冠疫情以前所未有的方式影响了儿童和青少年的生活。在本研究中，我们聚焦于两项可能受到缓解措施影响的活动：屏幕使用时间和户外活动时间。我们调查了在疫情期间这两项活动如何相互影响，它们如何影响儿童和青少年的心理健康，以及社会人口统计学特征在预测屏幕使用时间、户外活动时间和心理健康方面发挥了何种作用。我们使用了2020年秋季至2021年春季期间从瑞士意大利语区提契诺州一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究的844名5至19岁参与者中收集的数据。我们使用了随机截距交叉滞后面板模型的扩展版本进行数据分析，将时间不变的社会人口统计学协变量和心理健康作为结果变量。结果表明，在个体间层面，屏幕使用时间是心理健康的风险因素，而户外活动时间是心理健康的保护因素。然而，疫情期间屏幕使用时间和户外活动时间的个体内偏差并不能持续预测心理健康。此外，随着时间的推移，它们之间没有相互影响。性别、年龄、家庭经济状况感知、体重指数以及附近绿地的可及性都影响了户外活动时间和屏幕使用时间的稳定测量值（即随机截距）。我们的结果强调了采取针对性行动以增加户外活动时间并提高对屏幕使用时间对儿童和青少年心理健康有害影响的认识的必要性。
