Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Essays Biochem. 2022 Sep 30;66(5):459-469. doi: 10.1042/EBC20210087.
Recognition by plant receptors of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and pathogenicity effectors activates immunity. However, before evolving the capacity of perceiving and responding to MAMPs and pathogenicity factors, plants, like animals, must have faced the necessity to protect and repair the mechanical wounds used by pathogens as an easy passage into their tissue. Consequently, plants evolved the capacity to react to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) with responses capable of functioning also in the absence of pathogens. DAMPs include not only primarily cell wall (CW) fragments but also extracellular peptides, nucleotides and amino acids that activate both local and long-distance systemic responses and, in some cases, prime the subsequent responses to MAMPs. It is conceivable that DAMPs and MAMPs act in synergy to activate a stronger plant immunity and that MAMPs exploit the mechanisms and transduction pathways traced by DAMPs. The interest for the biology and mechanism of action of DAMPs, either in the plant or animal kingdom, is expected to substantially increase in the next future. This review focuses on the most recent advances in DAMPs biology, particularly in the field of CW-derived DAMPs.
植物受体识别微生物相关分子模式（MAMPs）和致病性效应子可激活免疫。然而，在进化出感知和响应 MAMPs 和致病性因子的能力之前，植物与动物一样，必须面对保护和修复病原体用作进入组织的简易通道的机械性伤口的必要性。因此，植物进化出了对损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）的反应能力，这些反应能力即使在没有病原体的情况下也能发挥作用。DAMPs 不仅包括主要的细胞壁（CW）片段，还包括细胞外肽、核苷酸和氨基酸，它们可激活局部和长距离系统反应，并在某些情况下为随后对 MAMPs 的反应做好准备。可以想象，DAMPs 和 MAMPs 协同作用以激活更强的植物免疫力，并且 MAMPs 利用 DAMPs 所追踪的机制和转导途径。无论是在植物界还是动物界，对 DAMPs 的生物学和作用机制的兴趣预计在未来会大大增加。这篇综述重点介绍了 DAMPs 生物学的最新进展，特别是在 CW 衍生 DAMPs 领域。
