-Derived Biosurfactant Attenuates Quorum Sensing-Mediated Virulence and Biofilm Formation in and .

Quorum sensing (QS) controls the expression of diverse biological traits in bacteria, including virulence factors. Any natural bioactive compound that disables the QS system is being considered as a potential strategy to prevent bacterial infection. Various biological activities of biosurfactants have been observed, including anti-QS effects. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of a biosurfactant derived from on QS-regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation in and . The structural analogues of the crude biosurfactant were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the inhibitory prospects of identified structural analogues were assessed with QS-associated CviR, LasA, and LasI ligands via in silico molecular docking analysis. An -derived biosurfactant showed a promising dose-dependent interference with the production of both violacein and acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) in . In , at a sub-MIC concentration (2.5 mg/mL), QS inhibitory activity was also demonstrated by reduction in pyocyanin (66.63%), total protease (60.95%), LasA (56.62%), and LasB elastase (51.33%) activity. The swarming motility and exopolysaccharide production were also significantly reduced in both (61.13%) and (53.11%). When compared with control, biofilm formation was also considerably reduced in (68.12%) and (59.80%). A GC-MS analysis confirmed that the crude biosurfactant derived from was a glycolipid type. Among all, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and 1H-indene,1-hexadecyl-2,3-dihydro had a high affinity for CviR, LasI, and LasA, respectively. Thus, our findings suggest that the crude biosurfactant of can be used as a new anti-QS/antibiofilm agent against biofilm-associated pathogenesis, which warrants further investigation to uncover its therapeutic efficacy.