Gnida Paweł, Amin Muhammad Faisal, Pająk Agnieszka Katarzyna, Jarząbek Bożena
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 11;14(10):1946. doi: 10.3390/polym14101946.
Third-generation solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, bulk-heterojunction solar cells, and perovskite solar cells, are being intensively researched to obtain high efficiencies in converting solar energy into electricity. However, it is also important to note their stability over time and the devices' thermal or operating temperature range. Today's widely used polymeric materials are also used at various stages of the preparation of the complete device-it is worth mentioning that in dye-sensitized solar cells, suitable polymers can be used as flexible substrates counter-electrodes, gel electrolytes, and even dyes. In the case of bulk-heterojunction solar cells, they are used primarily as donor materials; however, there are reports in the literature of their use as acceptors. In perovskite devices, they are used as additives to improve the morphology of the perovskite, mainly as hole transport materials and also as additives to electron transport layers. Polymers, thanks to their numerous advantages, such as the possibility of practically any modification of their chemical structure and thus their physical and chemical properties, are increasingly used in devices that convert solar radiation into electrical energy, which is presented in this paper.
包括染料敏化太阳能电池、本体异质结太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池在内的第三代太阳能电池正在被深入研究，以提高将太阳能转化为电能的效率。然而，注意它们随时间的稳定性以及器件的热或工作温度范围也很重要。当今广泛使用的聚合物材料也用于完整器件制备的各个阶段——值得一提的是，在染料敏化太阳能电池中，合适的聚合物可用作柔性基底对电极、凝胶电解质甚至染料。在本体异质结太阳能电池的情况下，它们主要用作供体材料；然而，文献中有它们用作受体的报道。在钙钛矿器件中，它们用作改善钙钛矿形貌的添加剂，主要作为空穴传输材料，也作为电子传输层的添加剂。聚合物由于其众多优点，如几乎可以对其化学结构进行任何改性从而改变其物理和化学性质，越来越多地用于将太阳辐射转化为电能的器件中，本文将对此进行介绍。
