Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Fam Process. 2023 Mar;62(1):287-301. doi: 10.1111/famp.12784. Epub 2022 May 30.
Research on family functioning within given cultural contexts is needed. This study aims to describe salient dimensions of family functioning in two urban contexts in India and to examine differences in family functioning by sociodemographic groups. We measured differences in family functioning using cross-sectional survey questionnaire data collected from 13 to 15-year-old adolescents and one of their parents/primary caregivers in Mumbai (n = 843) and Kolkata (n = 913) during 2019-2020. We drew a multi-stage sample representative of neighborhoods and households in both cities. We assessed a multi-dimensional family functioning latent factor that included parent-reported measures (parent-adolescent communication, family cohesion, and parent monitoring of peers) and adolescent-reported measures (parent support, family cohesion, and parent supervision). Our results support an overall measure of family functioning manifested by multiple dimensions for parent- and adolescent-reported data. Families with male adolescents had worse adolescent-reported family functioning in Mumbai and parent-reported family functioning in Kolkata. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with better parent-reported family functioning in both cities and better adolescent-reported family functioning in Kolkata. Muslim religious identification in Kolkata and the Hindi native language in both cities were associated with better adolescent-reported family functioning. Our findings indicate heterogeneity in family functioning across demographic and social-cultural groups within the two urban contexts of India. This study may inform the development of culturally congruent prevention interventions for families with adolescents in India.
需要在特定文化背景下研究家庭功能。本研究旨在描述印度两个城市地区家庭功能的显著维度，并按社会人口统计学群体检查家庭功能的差异。我们使用来自孟买（n=843）和加尔各答（n=913）的 13 至 15 岁青少年及其父母/主要照顾者在 2019-2020 年期间收集的横断面调查问卷调查数据来衡量家庭功能的差异。我们在两个城市中，从具有代表性的社区和家庭中抽取了多阶段样本。我们评估了多维家庭功能潜在因素，包括父母报告的指标（父母与青少年的沟通，家庭凝聚力和父母对同伴的监督）和青少年报告的指标（父母的支持，家庭凝聚力和父母的监督）。我们的结果支持了父母和青少年报告的数据所表现出的多种维度的总体家庭功能衡量标准。在孟买，有男孩的家庭的青少年报告的家庭功能较差，而在加尔各答，父母报告的家庭功能较差。较高的社会经济地位与两个城市的父母报告的家庭功能更好以及加尔各答的青少年报告的家庭功能更好有关。在加尔各答的穆斯林宗教身份认同和两个城市的印地语母语与青少年报告的家庭功能更好有关。我们的研究结果表明，在印度这两个城市地区的人口统计学和社会文化群体中，家庭功能存在异质性。本研究可以为印度有青少年的家庭制定文化上一致的预防干预措施提供信息。
