Kozłowska Weronika, Matkowski Adam, Zielińska Sylwia
Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 13;13:888509. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.888509. eCollection 2022.
Plant culture is a feasible system for the testing influence of an environmental factor on the accumulation and chemodiversity of specialized metabolites, especially in medicinal plants. Light and temperature are among the most important factors affecting the physiology of plant organisms but their influence on specific metabolic pathways is not completely understood. Here, we examined the morphogenetic response, photosynthetic pigments content, lipid peroxidation level, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the production of volatile and non-volatile constituents in B. T. Drew (syn. Benth.) cultures kept under different light intensities (70, 130, and 220 μmol m s) and at two selected temperatures (25 and 30°C). The experiment was continued for 7 months to monitor the changes in the treatment response in time. Phytochemical analysis was performed using chromatographic (GC-MS and UHLPC) and spectrophotometric techniques. The light intensity significantly influenced metabolic response in a non-linear manner, whereas temperature-induced adaptive modifications varied within the long cultivation. Significant differences were noted in the content of carnosic and rosmarinic acid, as well as in several sesquiterpenes (alloaromadendrene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene). At elevated (30°C) temperature, a trend of differently modulated content of two major antioxidants-rosmarinic acid (RA, a phenylpropanoid pathway derived phenolic acid) and carnosic acid (CA, an abietane diterpenoid) was observed, where RA, but not CA, was depending on the light intensity. At 25°C, both compounds depended on light but in various ways. Among the volatile terpenoid compounds, the influence of light was pronounced, leading to modulation of proportions between individual mono- and sesquiterpenes as well as between hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. The study provided new information on the metabolic profile plasticity in and added to the existing knowledge on the chemical adaptations in plant species from severe habitats.
植物培养是一种可行的系统，用于测试环境因素对特殊代谢产物积累和化学多样性的影响，特别是在药用植物中。光照和温度是影响植物生物体生理的最重要因素之一，但它们对特定代谢途径的影响尚未完全了解。在这里，我们研究了在不同光照强度（70、130和220 μmol m s）和两个选定温度（25和30°C）下培养的B. T. Drew（同义词Benth.）培养物中的形态发生反应、光合色素含量、脂质过氧化水平、DPPH自由基清除活性以及挥发性和非挥发性成分的产生。实验持续了7个月，以监测处理反应随时间的变化。使用色谱（GC-MS和UHLPC）和分光光度技术进行植物化学分析。光照强度以非线性方式显著影响代谢反应，而温度诱导的适应性变化在长期培养中有所不同。在肌醇和迷迭香酸的含量以及几种倍半萜（别香橙烯、β-石竹烯、α-葎草烯）方面发现了显著差异。在较高温度（30°C）下，观察到两种主要抗氧化剂——迷迭香酸（RA，一种源自苯丙烷途径的酚酸）和肌醇酸（CA，一种枞烷二萜）的含量有不同调节趋势，其中RA而非CA取决于光照强度。在25°C时，这两种化合物都依赖于光照，但方式不同。在挥发性萜类化合物中，光照的影响很明显，导致单萜和倍半萜之间以及烃类和含氧化合物之间的比例发生调节。该研究提供了关于该植物代谢谱可塑性的新信息，并补充了关于来自恶劣生境的植物物种化学适应性的现有知识。
