Egleston Benjamin D, Mroz Austin, Jelfs Kim E, Greenaway Rebecca L
Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
Chem Sci. 2022 Apr 25;13(18):5042-5054. doi: 10.1039/d2sc00087c. eCollection 2022 May 11.
The development of microporosity in the liquid state is leading to an inherent change in the way we approach applications of functional porosity, potentially allowing access to new processes by exploiting the fluidity of these new materials. By engineering permanent porosity into a liquid, over the transient intermolecular porosity in all liquids, it is possible to design and form a porous liquid. Since the concept was proposed in 2007, and the first examples realised in 2015, the field has seen rapid advances among the types and numbers of porous liquids developed, our understanding of the structure and properties, as well as improvements in gas uptake and molecular separations. However, despite these recent advances, the field is still young, and with only a few applications reported to date, the potential that porous liquids have to transform the field of microporous materials remains largely untapped. In this review, we will explore the theory and conception of porous liquids and cover major advances in the area, key experimental characterisation techniques and computational approaches that have been employed to understand these systems, and summarise the investigated applications of porous liquids that have been presented to date. We also outline an emerging discovery workflow with recommendations for the characterisation required at each stage to both confirm permanent porosity and fully understand the physical properties of the porous liquid.
液态微孔的发展正在使我们应用功能性孔隙的方式发生内在变化，通过利用这些新材料的流动性，有可能实现新的工艺。通过将永久性孔隙引入液体中，而非所有液体中短暂存在的分子间孔隙，就有可能设计并形成一种多孔液体。自2007年该概念被提出，以及2015年实现了首批实例以来，在已开发的多孔液体的类型和数量、我们对其结构和性质的理解以及气体吸收和分子分离的改进方面，该领域都取得了迅速进展。然而，尽管有这些最新进展，该领域仍处于起步阶段，且迄今为止仅有少数应用被报道，多孔液体在改变微孔材料领域方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到挖掘。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨多孔液体的理论和概念，涵盖该领域的主要进展、用于理解这些体系的关键实验表征技术和计算方法，并总结迄今为止已报道的多孔液体的研究应用。我们还概述了一种新兴的发现工作流程，并针对每个阶段所需的表征提出建议，以确认永久性孔隙并全面理解多孔液体的物理性质。
