School of Humanities, Language and Global Studies, University of Central Lancashire, UK.
Lang Speech. 2023 Mar;66(1):214-245. doi: 10.1177/00238309221095479. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
In Korean noun-noun compounds, the lenis onset consonant in the second noun is often realized as a tense consonant. Although extensive work has been carried out to clarify its causes and relevant phonological processes, this tensification is deemed not entirely predictable. This paper presents a speech production experiment that confirms the existing findings that the variability in tensification is predictable to a certain extent. The experimental results also showed that the relationship between the predictors and the variability is not linear and that tensification mirrors the cognitively determined boundary strength. Native Korean speakers calibrate the boundary strength by incorporating complex information, such as the word's length, segment type, frequency, and plausibility of the compound. While a "tight" boundary led to high tensification probability, it was not affected by speaking-rate variation. Furthermore, the perceived compound's plausibility directly affected the duration of the tensified consonant. Importantly, the findings suggest that speakers' calibration of the boundary strength is fluid and changeable over time and it affects both phonological and phonetic outputs. Finally, variability in data was reduced for the experimental conditions leading to either extremely high or low tensification probability, and there seemed to be lexicalized exceptions to the general trends.
在韩语名词复合词中，第二个名词的软起首辅音通常被实现为紧起首辅音。尽管已经进行了广泛的工作来阐明其原因和相关的音系过程，但这种强化并不是完全可以预测的。本文通过一个语音产生实验证实了现有发现，即强化的可变性在一定程度上是可预测的。实验结果还表明，预测因子与可变性之间的关系不是线性的，强化反映了认知确定的边界强度。韩国本土说话者通过结合单词长度、音段类型、频率和复合词的合理性等复杂信息来校准边界强度。虽然“紧”的边界导致了高强度的强化概率，但它不受语速变化的影响。此外，感知复合词的合理性直接影响强化辅音的时长。重要的是，这些发现表明，说话者对边界强度的校准是灵活的，可以随时间变化，并且它会影响音系和语音输出。最后，对于导致强化概率极高或极低的实验条件，数据的可变性降低了，而且似乎存在一般趋势的词汇化例外。
