Hosokawa Rikuya, Katsura Toshiki, Taira Kazuya
Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Faculty of Nursing Science, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, 629-0392, Japan.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022 Jun 3;16(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13034-022-00475-w.
Parent-child relationships, the rearing attitudes of parents toward their children as well as the interactive relationships, such as play and cultural activities that parents and children enjoy together, serve as important factors in predicting a child's growth and development. These experiences of annual events celebrated with the family may be related to the school-age child's development. However, this relationship has not been investigated sufficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between the experience of annual events observed in the family and a child's social adjustment.
In 2019, a self-administered questionnaire survey targeting fifth graders (ages 10-11) in Japan was conducted with children's parents. Major survey items included participants' characteristics (child's sex, family composition, siblings, household income, and parents' educational backgrounds), annual events observed in the family (Setsubun or the day before the start of spring, Mother's Day, Father's Day, the Tanabata or Weaver Festival, Respect for the Aged Day, Winter solstice, etc.), and the child's social adjustment (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). A total of 653 children who met the criteria of not having any developmental disorders were included as participants for the analysis.
The participants had celebrated an average of 15.47 (± 5.52) annual events with their families that year. The number of annual events celebrated was significantly related to family composition and the parents' educational backgrounds. We found that children who came from families with numerous experiences of annual events were more likely to have higher prosocial behavior and were less likely to have externalizing or internalizing problems. The same pattern was found even after adjusting for the family's socioeconomic background and other factors; that is, children who came from families having diverse experiences of annual events were more likely to show prosocial tendencies.
Our findings suggest that the experience of annual events observed with family potentially enhances a child's prosocial behavior. Thus, celebrating and preserving cultural and personal events in the amily context may be an important developmental experience in terms of children's social adjustment.
亲子关系、父母对子女的养育态度以及互动关系，如父母与子女共同享受的游戏和文化活动，是预测儿童成长和发展的重要因素。这些与家人一起庆祝年度活动的经历可能与学龄儿童的发展有关。然而，这种关系尚未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在确定家庭中年度活动经历与儿童社会适应之间的关系。
2019年，对日本五年级学生（10 - 11岁）的家长进行了问卷调查。主要调查项目包括参与者的特征（孩子的性别、家庭构成、兄弟姐妹、家庭收入和父母的教育背景）、家庭中观察到的年度活动（立春前一天、母亲节、父亲节、七夕节、敬老日、冬至等）以及儿童的社会适应情况（长处与困难问卷）。共有653名符合无任何发育障碍标准的儿童作为分析参与者。
参与者当年平均与家人一起庆祝了15.47（±5.52）个年度活动。庆祝年度活动的数量与家庭构成和父母的教育背景显著相关。我们发现，来自有丰富年度活动经历家庭的孩子更有可能具有较高的亲社会行为，并且出现外化或内化问题的可能性较小。即使在调整了家庭的社会经济背景和其他因素后，也发现了相同的模式；也就是说，来自有多样年度活动经历家庭的孩子更有可能表现出亲社会倾向。
我们的研究结果表明，与家人一起经历年度活动可能会增强孩子的亲社会行为。因此，在家庭环境中庆祝和保留文化及个人活动可能是儿童社会适应方面重要的发展经历。
