Sato Rika, Hayashi Naoko, Nakayama Naoko, Okimura Aiko
Graduate School of Nursing Science, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Nursing, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2022 Apr 28;9(9):100075. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100075. eCollection 2022 Sep.
This study aimed to identify the awareness, knowledge, and assessment of cancer cachexia among nurses who cared for patients with advanced cancer undergoing chemotherapy. In addition, we identified the factors that affected their assessments.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses who cared for patients with advanced cancer undergoing chemotherapy at designated cancer care hospitals and regional cancer care cooperation hospitals between June and September 2020. We applied Bandura's triadic reciprocal causation as the research framework. The questionnaire consisted of questions on awareness, knowledge, and assessment of cancer cachexia. Single and multiple regression analyses were conducted on the relationship between each variable and the number of assessment items.
Questionnaires were sent to 1026 nurses, 403 of whom responded (response rate: 39.3%). Among these, 299 responses were valid, being a 74.1% valid response rate. The average age was 39.74 ± 9.65 years and the mean work experience as a nurse was 16.50 ± 9.14 years. In respect of the awareness of cancer cachexia, 93.3% of the participants answered "assessment of cancer cachexia was needed," and 75.2% answered "a nurse's role includes assessing for cancer cachexia." Only 15.4% responded positively regarding "confidence in the assessment of cancer cachexia." Regarding knowledge of cancer cachexia, the percentage of correct answers to questions about the definition of cachexia and diagnostic criteria ranged from 45.5% to 53.8%. With regard to cancer cachexia assessments, the participants assessed "weight loss or rate of weight loss (56.9%)," "symptoms affecting nutritional status (54.2%)," and "anorexia (46.2%)." Factors affecting the assessment of cancer cachexia were higher knowledge scores on cancer cachexia ( = 0.039), routine assessment of cancer cachexia ( < 0.001), experiences of participating in in-hospital training on cancer cachexia ( = 0.027), and collaborating with physical/occupational therapists in the nutritional management of patients ( = 0.025).
Nurses held the view that their role required them to assess for cancer cachexia, but they did not feel confident in doing so. In addition, they lacked knowledge of reversible "cancer cachexia;" hence, the assessments were not routinely completed. Education on these topics and the development and standardization of tools to assess or collaborate with other professions are required.
本研究旨在确定护理晚期癌症化疗患者的护士对癌症恶病质的认知、知识掌握情况及评估情况。此外，我们还确定了影响他们评估的因素。
2020年6月至9月，对指定癌症护理医院和地区癌症护理合作医院中护理晚期癌症化疗患者的护士进行了横断面调查。我们应用班杜拉的三元相互因果关系作为研究框架。问卷包括关于癌症恶病质的认知、知识掌握情况及评估的问题。对每个变量与评估项目数量之间的关系进行了单因素和多因素回归分析。
向1026名护士发放了问卷，其中403人回复（回复率：39.3%）。其中，299份回复有效，有效回复率为74.1%。平均年龄为39.74±9.65岁，护士平均工作经验为16.50±9.14年。在癌症恶病质认知方面，93.3%的参与者回答“需要评估癌症恶病质”，75.2%的参与者回答“护士的职责包括评估癌症恶病质”。只有15.4%的人对“评估癌症恶病质有信心”给出了肯定回答。在癌症恶病质知识方面，关于恶病质定义和诊断标准问题的正确答案百分比在45.5%至53.8%之间。在癌症恶病质评估方面，参与者评估了“体重减轻或体重减轻率（56.9%）”、“影响营养状况的症状（54.2%）”和“食欲不振（46.2%）”。影响癌症恶病质评估的因素包括癌症恶病质知识得分较高（=0.039）、常规评估癌症恶病质（<0.001）、参加医院内癌症恶病质培训的经历（=0.027）以及在患者营养管理方面与物理治疗师/职业治疗师合作（=0.025）。
护士认为他们的职责要求他们评估癌症恶病质，但他们对此缺乏信心。此外，他们缺乏关于可逆性“癌症恶病质”的知识；因此，评估并非常规完成。需要开展关于这些主题的教育，并开发和规范评估工具或与其他专业合作的工具。
