Austin Alison C, Schuler Kathryn D, Furlong Sarah, Newport Elissa L
Georgetown University.
Lang Learn Dev. 2022;18(3):249-277. doi: 10.1080/15475441.2021.1954927. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
When linguistic input contains inconsistent use of grammatical forms, children produce these forms more consistently, a process called '.' Deaf children learning American Sign Language from parents who are non-native users of the language regularize their parents' inconsistent usages (Singleton & Newport, 2004). In studies of artificial languages containing inconsistently used morphemes (Hudson Kam & Newport, 2005, 2009), children, but not adults, regularized these forms. However, little is known about the precise circumstances in which such regularization occurs. In three experiments we investigate how the type of input variation and the age of learners affects regularization. Overall our results suggest that while adults tend to reproduce the inconsistencies found in their input, young children introduce regularity: they learn varying forms whose occurrence is conditioned and systematic, but they alter inconsistent variation to be more regular. Older children perform more like adults, suggesting that regularization changes with maturation and cognitive capacities.
当语言输入包含语法形式的不一致使用时，儿童会更一致地生成这些形式，这一过程称为“ ”。从非母语使用者父母那里学习美国手语的聋儿会将父母不一致的用法规范化（辛格尔顿和纽波特，2004年）。在对包含不一致使用词素的人工语言的研究中（哈德逊·卡姆和纽波特，2005年、2009年），儿童而非成年人将这些形式规范化。然而，对于这种规范化发生的确切情况知之甚少。在三个实验中，我们研究了输入变化的类型和学习者的年龄如何影响规范化。总体而言，我们的结果表明，虽然成年人倾向于重现他们输入中发现的不一致之处，但幼儿会引入规律性：他们学习出现有条件且系统的不同形式，但会将不一致的变化改变得更有规律。年龄较大的儿童表现得更像成年人，这表明规范化会随着成熟度和认知能力而变化。
