Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2022 May 26;10:862832. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862832. eCollection 2022.
The worldwide migration movement is growing and thereby challenging the health care systems of immigration countries like Germany to make health care equally accessible for all people. Due to their low oral health status and low uptake rates of dental treatment and prevention, migrants were detected as a vulnerable group. Data regarding dental care access barriers of this group is limited. Therefore, the following study established a deeper understanding of unknown access barriers.
Nine expert interviews and one focus group interview were conducted semi-structured via interview guideline in the period of August until October 2018. The experts were persons with strong vocational interactions and experiences with the sector oral health care and migration. The focus group participants had a Turkish migration background.
The expert and focus group interviews revealed a variety of barriers that exist toward dental treatment and prevention for migrants. Language, perceived significance of oral health, oral health knowledge, health socialization and patient-dentist interaction were detected to be the main barriers with underlying subthemes and interactions. Furthermore, a predominantly not precaution-oriented dental service utilization of migrants was underlined by the interviewees. Additionally, ways to reach a higher cultural sensitivity in oral health care were stated.
With respect for research, there is a need for the integration of migrant-specific items when collecting health data from people. With respect for policy, there is a need for more structural and individual attention for promoting equal access to oral health care and prevention measures for people with a migrant background.
全球移民流动正在增加，这对移民国家的医疗保健系统提出了挑战，要求这些系统确保所有人都能平等地获得医疗保健。由于移民的口腔健康状况较差，接受牙科治疗和预防的比例较低，因此他们被视为弱势群体。关于这一群体获得牙科保健障碍的数据有限。因此，以下研究旨在更深入地了解未知的障碍。
2018 年 8 月至 10 月期间，采用访谈指南，以半结构化的方式进行了 9 次专家访谈和 1 次焦点小组访谈。这些专家是与口腔保健和移民领域有密切职业联系和经验的人。焦点小组参与者具有土耳其移民背景。
专家和焦点小组访谈揭示了移民接受牙科治疗和预防方面存在的多种障碍。语言、对口腔健康的认知、口腔健康知识、健康社会化和医患互动被认为是主要障碍，并存在潜在的次级主题和相互作用。此外，受访者强调了移民对牙科服务的利用主要不是预防为导向。此外，还提出了在口腔保健中提高文化敏感性的方法。
从研究的角度来看，在收集人们的健康数据时，需要将特定于移民的项目纳入其中。从政策的角度来看，需要更加注重结构性和个体性，以促进具有移民背景的人平等获得口腔保健和预防措施。
