Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, and Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Front Immunol. 2022 May 30;13:882718. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882718. eCollection 2022.
Over the past few decades, basic studies aimed at curing patients with cancer have been constantly evolving. A myriad of mechanistic studies on physiological changes and related factors in tumor growth and metastasis have been reported. Recently, several studies have been considerate to how tumors adapt to unfavorable environments, such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, hypoxic conditions, and immune responses. Tumors attempt to adapt to unfavorable environments with genetic or non-genetic changes, the alteration of metabolic signals, or the reconfiguration of their environment through migration to other organs. One of the distinct features in solid tumors is heterogeneity because their environments vary due to the characteristics of colony growth. For this reason, researchers are paying attention to the communication between growing tumors and neighboring environments, including stromal cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and secreted molecules, such as proteins and RNAs. During cancer survival and progression, tumor cells undergo phenotype and molecular changes collectively referred to as cellular plasticity, which result from microenvironment signals, genetics and epigenetic alterations thereby contributing to tumor heterogeneity and therapy response. In this review, we herein discuss the adaptation process of tumors to adverse environments communication with neighboring cells for overcoming unfavorable growth conditions. Understanding the physiology of these tumors and their communication with the tumor environment can help to develop promising tumor treatment strategies.
在过去的几十年中，旨在治愈癌症患者的基础研究一直在不断发展。已经报道了大量关于肿瘤生长和转移中生理变化及相关因素的机制研究。最近，有几项研究考虑了肿瘤如何适应不利环境，如葡萄糖剥夺、氧化应激、缺氧条件和免疫反应。肿瘤试图通过遗传或非遗传变化、代谢信号的改变或通过迁移到其他器官来重新配置其环境来适应不利环境。实体瘤的一个显著特征是异质性，因为由于菌落生长的特点，其环境会发生变化。出于这个原因，研究人员正在关注不断生长的肿瘤与包括基质细胞、免疫细胞、成纤维细胞和分泌分子（如蛋白质和 RNA）在内的邻近环境之间的交流。在癌症的存活和进展过程中，肿瘤细胞经历表型和分子变化，统称为细胞可塑性，这是由微环境信号、遗传和表观遗传改变引起的，从而导致肿瘤异质性和治疗反应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肿瘤适应不利环境的过程以及与邻近细胞的交流，以克服不利的生长条件。了解这些肿瘤的生理学及其与肿瘤环境的交流有助于开发有前途的肿瘤治疗策略。
