Couttas Timothy A, Jieu Beverly, Rohleder Cathrin, Leweke F Markus
Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 27;13:885904. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.885904. eCollection 2022.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are traditionally diagnosed and categorized through clinical assessment, owing to their complex heterogeneity and an insufficient understanding of their underlying pathology. However, disease progression and accurate clinical diagnosis become problematic when differentiating shared aspects amongst mental health conditions. Hence, there is a need for widely accessible biomarkers to identify and track the neurobiological and pathophysiological development of mental health conditions, including SSD. High-throughput omics applications involving the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are driving a surge in biological data generation, providing systems-level insight into physiological and pathogenic conditions. Lipidomics is an emerging subset of metabolomics, largely underexplored amongst the omics systems. Lipid profiles in the brain are highly enriched with well-established functions, including maintenance, support, and signal transduction of neuronal signaling pathways, making them a prospective and exciting source of biological material for neuropsychiatric research. Importantly, changes in the lipid composition of the brain appear to extend into the periphery, as there is evidence that circulating lipid alterations correlate with alterations of psychiatric condition(s). The relative accessibility of fluid lipids offers a unique source to acquire a lipidomic "footprint" of molecular changes, which may support reliable diagnostics even at early disease stages, prediction of treatment response and monitoring of treatment success (theranostics). Here, we summarize the latest fluid lipidomics discoveries in SSD-related research, examining the latest strategies to integrate information into multi-systems overviews that generate new perspectives of SSD-related psychosis identification, development, and treatment.
精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）传统上是通过临床评估进行诊断和分类的，这是由于其复杂的异质性以及对其潜在病理机制的了解不足。然而，在区分心理健康状况之间的共同特征时，疾病进展和准确的临床诊断就会出现问题。因此，需要广泛可用的生物标志物来识别和追踪心理健康状况（包括SSD）的神经生物学和病理生理学发展。涉及液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）的高通量组学应用正在推动生物数据生成的激增，为生理和致病状况提供系统层面的见解。脂质组学是代谢组学的一个新兴子集，在组学系统中很大程度上未被充分探索。大脑中的脂质谱富含已确立的功能，包括神经元信号通路的维持、支持和信号转导，使其成为神经精神研究中一个有前景且令人兴奋的生物材料来源。重要的是，大脑脂质组成的变化似乎会延伸到外周，因为有证据表明循环脂质改变与精神疾病状况的改变相关。流体脂质相对容易获取，为获取分子变化的脂质组学“足迹”提供了独特来源，这甚至在疾病早期阶段也可能支持可靠的诊断、治疗反应预测和治疗成功监测（诊疗一体化）。在此，我们总结了SSD相关研究中流体脂质组学的最新发现，审视了将信息整合到多系统概述中的最新策略，这些概述为SSD相关精神病的识别、发展和治疗带来了新的视角。
