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经皮内镜下胃造口术和空肠造口术：适应证与技术

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy: Indications and techniques.

作者信息

Fugazza Alessandro, Capogreco Antonio, Cappello Annalisa, Nicoletti Rosangela, Da Rio Leonardo, Galtieri Piera Alessia, Maselli Roberta, Carrara Silvia, Pellegatta Gaia, Spadaccini Marco, Vespa Edoardo, Colombo Matteo, Khalaf Kareem, Repici Alessandro, Anderloni Andrea

机构信息

Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano 20089, Milan, Italy.

Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AUSL Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Bologna 40121, Italy.

出版信息

World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 May 16;14(5):250-266. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i5.250.

DOI:10.4253/wjge.v14.i5.250
PMID:35719902
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9157691/
Abstract

Nutritional support is essential in patients who have a limited capability to maintain their body weight. Therefore, oral feeding is the main approach for such patients. When physiological nutrition is not possible, positioning of a nasogastric, nasojejunal tube, or other percutaneous devices may be feasible alternatives. Creating a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a suitable option to be evaluated for patients that need nutritional support for more than 4 wk. Many diseases require nutritional support by PEG, with neurological, oncological, and catabolic diseases being the most common. PEG can be performed endoscopically by various techniques, radiologically or surgically, with different outcomes and related adverse events (AEs). Moreover, some patients that need a PEG placement are fragile and are unable to express their will or sign a written informed consent. These conditions highlight many ethical problems that become difficult to manage as treatment progresses. The aim of this manuscript is to review all current endoscopic techniques for percutaneous access, their indications, postprocedural follow-up, and AEs.

摘要

营养支持对于维持体重能力有限的患者至关重要。因此，经口喂养是这类患者的主要途径。当无法进行生理性营养摄入时，放置鼻胃管、鼻空肠管或其他经皮装置可能是可行的替代方法。对于需要超过4周营养支持的患者，经皮内镜下胃造口术（PEG）是一个适合评估的选择。许多疾病需要通过PEG进行营养支持，其中神经疾病、肿瘤疾病和分解代谢疾病最为常见。PEG可以通过多种技术在内镜下、放射学或外科手术方式进行，其结果和相关不良事件（AE）各不相同。此外，一些需要放置PEG的患者身体虚弱，无法表达意愿或签署书面知情同意书。随着治疗的进展，这些情况凸显了许多难以处理的伦理问题。本文的目的是回顾目前所有经皮穿刺的内镜技术、其适应证、术后随访及不良事件。

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