Zhu Tianyi, Han Jing, Yang Liu, Cai Zhengdong, Sun Wei, Hua Yingqi, Xu Jing
Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 1;13:907550. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907550. eCollection 2022.
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that tends to threaten children and adolescents, and the 5-year event-free survival rate has not improved significantly in the past three decades, bringing grief and economic burden to patients and society. To date, the genetic background and oncogenesis mechanisms of osteosarcoma remain unclear, impeding further research. The tumor immune microenvironment has become a recent research hot spot, providing novel but valuable insight into tumor heterogeneity and multifaceted mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma has been vigorously discussed, and the landscape of immune and non-immune component infiltration has been intensively investigated. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the classification, features, and functions of the main infiltrating cells, complement system, and exosomes in the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment. In each section, we also highlight the complex crosstalk network among them and the corresponding potential therapeutic strategies and clinical applications to deepen our understanding of osteosarcoma and provide a reference for imminent effective therapies with reduced adverse effects.
骨肉瘤是一种主要威胁儿童和青少年的原发性恶性肿瘤，在过去三十年中，其5年无事件生存率并未显著提高，给患者和社会带来了痛苦和经济负担。迄今为止，骨肉瘤的遗传背景和致癌机制仍不清楚，这阻碍了进一步的研究。肿瘤免疫微环境已成为最近的研究热点，为肿瘤异质性以及肿瘤进展和转移的多方面机制提供了新颖且有价值的见解。然而，骨肉瘤中的免疫微环境已被广泛讨论，免疫和非免疫成分浸润的格局也已得到深入研究。在此，我们总结了骨肉瘤免疫微环境中主要浸润细胞、补体系统和外泌体的分类、特征及功能的现有知识。在每个部分中，我们还强调了它们之间复杂的相互作用网络以及相应的潜在治疗策略和临床应用，以加深我们对骨肉瘤的理解，并为即将到来的副作用减少的有效治疗提供参考。
