Nirala Bikesh K, Yamamichi Taku, Petrescu D Isabel, Shafin Tasnuva N, Yustein Jason T
Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Oct 23;15(20):5108. doi: 10.3390/cancers15205108.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous, highly metastatic bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite advancements in multimodal treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease has not improved significantly in the last four decades. OS is a highly heterogeneous tumor; its genetic background and the mechanism of oncogenesis are not well defined. Unfortunately, no effective molecular targeted therapy is currently available for this disease. Understanding osteosarcoma's tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained much interest among scientists hoping to provide valuable insights into tumor heterogeneity, progression, metastasis, and the identification of novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review the current understanding of the TME of OS, including different cellular and noncellular components, their crosstalk with OS tumor cells, and their involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. We also highlight past/current clinical trials targeting the TME of OS for effective therapies and potential future therapeutic strategies with negligible adverse effects.
骨肉瘤（OS）是儿童和青少年中一种异质性高、转移性强的骨恶性肿瘤。尽管多模式治疗策略取得了进展，但在过去四十年中，转移性或复发性疾病患者的预后并未得到显著改善。骨肉瘤是一种高度异质性的肿瘤；其遗传背景和肿瘤发生机制尚未明确。不幸的是，目前尚无针对该疾病的有效分子靶向治疗方法。近年来，了解骨肉瘤的肿瘤微环境（TME）引起了科学家们的浓厚兴趣，他们希望借此为肿瘤异质性、进展、转移以及新治疗途径的识别提供有价值的见解。在此，我们综述了目前对骨肉瘤TME的认识，包括不同的细胞和非细胞成分、它们与骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞的相互作用，以及它们在肿瘤进展和转移中的作用。我们还重点介绍了过去/目前针对骨肉瘤TME进行有效治疗的临床试验以及未来潜在的副作用可忽略不计的治疗策略。
