Bonanad Clara, Fernández-Olmo Rosa, García-Blas Sergio, Alarcon Jose Antonio, Díez-Villanueva Pablo, Mansilla Carmen Rus, García-Pardo Héctor, Toledo Pablo, Ayesta Ana, Pereira Eva, Carol Antoni, Castro-Conde Almudena, de Pablo-Zarzoso Carmen, Martínez-Sellés Manuel, Arrarte Vicente, Campuzano Raquel, Ariza-Solé Albert
Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
J Geriatr Cardiol. 2022 May 28;19(5):377-392. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.05.004.
In recent decades, life expectancy has been increasing significantly. In this scenario, health interventions are necessary to improve prognosis and quality of life of elderly with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. However, the number of elderly patients included in clinical trials is low, thus current clinical practice guidelines do not include specific recommendations. This document aims to review prevention recommendations focused in patients ≥ 75 years with high or very high cardiovascular risk, regarding objectives, medical treatment options and also including physical exercise and their inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Also, we will show why geriatric syndromes such as frailty, dependence, cognitive impairment, and nutritional status, as well as comorbidities, ought to be considered in this population regarding their important prognostic impact.
近几十年来，预期寿命显著增加。在这种情况下，有必要采取健康干预措施来改善有心血管危险因素和心血管疾病的老年人的预后和生活质量。然而，纳入临床试验的老年患者数量较少，因此目前的临床实践指南不包括具体建议。本文旨在回顾针对心血管风险高或极高的75岁及以上患者的预防建议，涉及目标、药物治疗选择，还包括体育锻炼以及将其纳入心脏康复计划。此外，我们将说明为什么在这一人群中应考虑诸如衰弱、依赖、认知障碍和营养状况等老年综合征以及合并症，因为它们具有重要的预后影响。
