Katsaounou Kyriaki, Nicolaou Elpiniki, Vogazianos Paris, Brown Cameron, Stavrou Marios, Teloni Savvas, Hatzis Pantelis, Agapiou Agapios, Fragkou Elisavet, Tsiaoussis Georgios, Potamitis George, Zaravinos Apostolos, Andreou Chrysafis, Antoniades Athos, Shiammas Christos, Apidianakis Yiorgos
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus.
AVVA Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Limassol 4001, Cyprus.
Metabolites. 2022 May 30;12(6):499. doi: 10.3390/metabo12060499.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
结直肠癌（CRC）是影响人类的最常见癌症之一，其病因具有复杂的遗传和环境因素。与具有已知环境、遗传或性连锁病因的癌症不同，散发性CRC难以预测，临床上也没有风险分子生物标志物。每二十例CRC病例中就有一例存在已确定的遗传成分。其余病例为散发性，与部分模糊的遗传、表观遗传、再生、微生物、饮食和生活方式因素有关。为了解决这种复杂性，我们应该改进结肠镜检查的做法，在一定年龄之后统一推荐进行结肠镜检查，包括评估指示个体CRC风险的生物标志物。理想情况下，此类生物标志物将是疾病的病因，并且在饮食或治疗干预后可能会发生改变。迫切需要进行多组学分析，包括转录组、表观基因组以及宏基因组和代谢组学分析，以为风险分析提供数据。本文的目的是提供一个视角，探讨导致CRC发生的内稳态多因素失衡，这可以通过多组学和芯片肠道分析来探索，以确定急需的预测性生物标志物。
