Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 7;19(12):6977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19126977.
This study describes the physical activity of university students (PA) and their motives to exercise in the summer of 2021, after the COVID-19 lockdown in Slovenia. Adults over 18 years of age ( = 493; 72% women) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form and the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2) via an anonymous online survey. Since the EMI-2 has never been used with the Slovenian population, the measurement properties of the Slovenian version (EMI-2) were also determined in this study. A forward-backward translation was used for cross-cultural adaptation. The internal consistency of the EMI-2 subscales was high. The results of the study showed that male students spent more minutes per session on intense physical activity and performed this activity more frequently per week, whereas female students were more likely to walk for more than 10 min without a break. In addition, female participants were more likely than male participants to cite weight management as a motivator. Male participants were more likely than female participants to cite fun, challenge, social recognition, belonging, competition, and strength and endurance as motivations. Results showed that respondents with a history of competitive sports had higher scores for revitalization, fun, challenge, social recognition, affiliation, competition, positive health, appearance, strength and endurance, and flexibility. They also engaged in intense physical activity more frequently per week, and when they engaged in moderate or intense PA activity, they did so for longer periods of time. Compared to respondents who never exercised, more of them overcame COVID-19. The results also showed some correlation between motivation and physical activity. The motives of revitalization, enjoyment, challenge, competition, strength and endurance, and stress management were more important for individuals who exercised vigorously more often in the past 7 days. Total time spent in daily physical activity is also related to the enjoyment of exercise and challenge. In conclusion, understanding the motives for exercise is important for the behavior of PA, especially after a period of inactivity due to lockdown.
这项研究描述了 2021 年斯洛文尼亚 COVID-19 封锁后大学生（PA）的体育活动及其夏季锻炼的动机。18 岁以上的成年人（=493；72%为女性）通过匿名在线调查完成了国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）短表和运动动机量表-2（EMI-2）。由于 EMI-2 从未在斯洛文尼亚人群中使用过，因此本研究还确定了斯洛文尼亚版本（EMI-2）的测量特性。使用前后翻译进行跨文化适应。EMI-2 分量表的内部一致性较高。研究结果表明，男学生每节体育课的运动强度更高，每周更频繁地进行这种活动，而女学生更有可能连续行走 10 分钟以上而不休息。此外，女性参与者比男性参与者更有可能将体重管理作为锻炼的动机。男性参与者比女性参与者更有可能将乐趣、挑战、社会认可、归属感、竞争以及力量和耐力作为动机。结果表明，有竞技体育史的受访者在恢复活力、乐趣、挑战、社会认可、归属感、竞争、积极健康、外表、力量和耐力以及柔韧性方面的得分更高。他们还更频繁地每周进行剧烈运动，当他们进行适度或剧烈的 PA 活动时，他们的运动时间更长。与从不锻炼的受访者相比，更多的人克服了 COVID-19。结果还表明动机与体力活动之间存在一些相关性。在过去 7 天内更频繁地进行剧烈运动的个体，恢复活力、享受、挑战、竞争、力量和耐力以及压力管理等动机更为重要。每天体育活动的总时间也与运动的享受和挑战有关。总之，了解锻炼动机对于 PA 行为很重要，尤其是在因封锁而长时间不活动之后。
