Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 18;23(12):6794. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126794.
Chickpea is one of the most important pulse crops worldwide, being an excellent source of protein. It is grown under rain-fed conditions averaging yields of 1 t/ha, far from its potential of 6 t/ha under optimum conditions. The combined effects of heat, cold, drought, and salinity affect species productivity. In this regard, several physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms are reviewed to confer tolerance to abiotic stress. A large collection of nearly 100,000 chickpea accessions is the basis of breeding programs, and important advances have been achieved through conventional breeding, such as germplasm introduction, gene/allele introgression, and mutagenesis. In parallel, advances in molecular biology and high-throughput sequencing have allowed the development of specific molecular markers for the genus , facilitating marker-assisted selection for yield components and abiotic tolerance. Further, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have permitted the identification of specific genes, proteins, and metabolites associated with tolerance to abiotic stress of chickpea. Furthermore, some promising results have been obtained in studies with transgenic plants and with the use of gene editing to obtain drought-tolerant chickpea. Finally, we propose some future lines of research that may be useful to obtain chickpea genotypes tolerant to abiotic stress in a scenario of climate change.
鹰嘴豆是世界上最重要的豆类作物之一，是蛋白质的极好来源。在雨养条件下，鹰嘴豆的平均产量为 1 吨/公顷，远低于最佳条件下 6 吨/公顷的潜力。热、冷、干旱和盐度的综合影响会影响物种的生产力。在这方面，已经综述了几种生理、生化和分子机制来赋予对非生物胁迫的耐受性。近 10 万份鹰嘴豆种质资源的大量收集是育种计划的基础，通过常规育种取得了重要进展，如种质资源引进、基因/等位基因导入和诱变。与此同时，分子生物学和高通量测序的进步使得该属的特定分子标记得以开发，有利于对产量构成和非生物耐受性进行标记辅助选择。此外，转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学已经允许鉴定与鹰嘴豆非生物胁迫耐受性相关的特定基因、蛋白质和代谢物。此外，在转基因植物研究和利用基因编辑获得耐旱鹰嘴豆方面已经取得了一些有希望的结果。最后，我们提出了一些未来的研究方向，这可能有助于在气候变化情景下获得对非生物胁迫具有耐受性的鹰嘴豆基因型。
