Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
County Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 May 31;58(6):747. doi: 10.3390/medicina58060747.
Hearing loss is the most common neurosensory disorder, and with the constant increase in etiological factors, combined with early detection protocols, numbers will continue to rise. Cochlear implantation has become the gold standard for patients with severe hearing loss, and interest has shifted from implantation principles to the preservation of residual hearing following the procedure itself. As the audiological criteria for cochlear implant eligibility have expanded to include patients with good residual hearing, more attention is focused on complementary development of otoprotective agents, electrode design, and surgical approaches. The focus of this review is current aspects of preserving residual hearing through a summary of recent trends regarding surgical and pharmacological fundamentals. Subsequently, the assessment of new pharmacological options, novel bioactive molecules (neurotrophins, growth factors, etc.), nanoparticles, stem cells, and gene therapy are discussed.
听力损失是最常见的神经感觉障碍，随着病因因素的不断增加，结合早期检测方案，这一数字还将继续上升。人工耳蜗植入已成为重度听力损失患者的金标准，人们的兴趣已经从植入原则转移到了该程序本身对残余听力的保护。由于人工耳蜗植入的听力学标准已扩大到包括具有良好残余听力的患者，因此更多的注意力集中在开发辅助的耳保护剂、电极设计和手术方法上。本综述的重点是通过总结关于手术和药理学基础的最新趋势，来保留残余听力的当前方面。随后，还讨论了新的药理学选择、新型生物活性分子（神经营养因子、生长因子等）、纳米粒子、干细胞和基因治疗。
