Pardo-Moreno Teresa, González-Acedo Anabel, Rivas-Domínguez Antonio, García-Morales Victoria, García-Cozar Francisco Jose, Ramos-Rodríguez Juan Jose, Melguizo-Rodríguez Lucía
Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria (INGESA), Primary Health Care, 51003 Ceuta, Spain.
Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Melilla), University of Granada, 52005 Granada, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 24;14(6):1117. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061117.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β, leading to the formation of senile plaques, and by the intracellular presence of neurofibrillary tangles based on hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In the therapeutic approach to AD, we can identify three important fronts: the approved drugs currently available for the treatment of the disease, which include aducanumab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of memantine and donepezil; therapies under investigation that work mainly on Aβ pathology and tau pathology, and which include γ-secretase inhibitors, β-secretase inhibitors, α-secretase modulators, aggregation inhibitors, metal interfering drugs, drugs that enhance Aβ clearance, inhibitors of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, tau protein aggregation inhibitors, and drugs that promote the clearance of tau, and finally, other alternative therapies designed to improve lifestyle, thus contributing to the prevention of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze and describe current treatments and possible future alternatives in the therapeutic approach to AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆最常见的病因。该疾病的病理生理学特征为β淀粉样蛋白的积累，导致老年斑形成，以及细胞内基于过度磷酸化tau蛋白的神经原纤维缠结的存在。在AD的治疗方法中，我们可以确定三个重要方面：目前已获批用于治疗该疾病的药物，包括阿杜卡奴单抗、多奈哌齐、加兰他敏、卡巴拉汀、美金刚，以及美金刚与多奈哌齐的组合；正在研究的主要针对Aβ病理和tau病理的疗法，包括γ-分泌酶抑制剂、β-分泌酶抑制剂、α-分泌酶调节剂、聚集抑制剂、金属干扰药物、增强Aβ清除的药物、tau蛋白过度磷酸化抑制剂、tau蛋白聚集抑制剂，以及促进tau清除的药物，最后是旨在改善生活方式从而有助于预防该疾病的其他替代疗法。因此，本综述的目的是分析和描述AD治疗方法中的当前治疗手段以及未来可能的替代方案。
