Bianchi Eleonora, Vigani Barbara, Viseras César, Ferrari Franca, Rossi Silvia, Sandri Giuseppina
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 26;14(6):1127. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061127.
In recent decades, the demand for replacement of damaged or broken tissues has increased; this poses the attention on problems related to low donor availability. For this reason, researchers focused their attention on the field of tissue engineering, which allows the development of scaffolds able to mimic the tissues' extracellular matrix. However, tissue replacement and regeneration are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology as well as adequate mechanical, chemical, and physical properties to stand the stresses and enhance the new tissue formation. For this purpose, the use of inorganic materials as fillers for the scaffolds has gained great interest in tissue engineering applications, due to their wide range of physicochemical properties as well as their capability to induce biological responses. However, some issues still need to be faced to improve their efficacy. This review focuses on the description of the most effective inorganic nanomaterials (clays, nano-based nanomaterials, metal oxides, metallic nanoparticles) used in tissue engineering and their properties. Particular attention has been devoted to their combination with scaffolds in a wide range of applications. In particular, skin, orthopaedic, and neural tissue engineering have been considered.
近几十年来，对受损或破损组织进行替换的需求不断增加；这使得人们关注到与供体可用性低相关的问题。因此，研究人员将注意力集中在组织工程领域，该领域能够开发出能够模拟组织细胞外基质的支架。然而，组织替换和再生是复杂的，因为支架需要保证具有足够的层次结构形态以及足够的机械、化学和物理性能，以承受压力并促进新组织的形成。为此，将无机材料用作支架的填料在组织工程应用中引起了极大的兴趣，这是由于它们具有广泛的物理化学性质以及诱导生物反应的能力。然而，仍需面对一些问题以提高其功效。本综述着重描述了在组织工程中使用的最有效的无机纳米材料（粘土、纳米基纳米材料、金属氧化物、金属纳米颗粒）及其特性。特别关注了它们在广泛应用中与支架的结合。具体而言，已考虑了皮肤、骨科和神经组织工程。
