Maarof Nian N N, Abdulmalek Emilia, Fakurazi Sharida, Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jun 10;14(6):1230. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061230.
Nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems have significant interest in cancer treatment, such as improving the stabilities and biocompatibilities, precise targeting, and reducing toxicities for non-cancerous cells. Herein, this study presents the synthesis and characterisation of carbonate apatite nanoparticles (nCA) and encapsulated afatinib (AFA) as promising drug delivery candidates for lung cancer treatment. nCA/AFA was synthesised and physicochemically characterised, then the encapsulation capacity, drug loading, and cumulative drug release profile were evaluated. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed that the synthesised nCA is apatite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the drug loading into the nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) determined the morphology of nCA and nCA/AFA and the diameters of 47.36 ± 3.16 and 42.97 ± 2.78 nm, respectively, without an unaltered nCA phase. Encapsulation efficiency (%) and drug loading (%) were 55.08% ± 1.68% and 8.19% ± 0.52%. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) results revealed that the synthesised nCA is mesoporous, with a surface area of 55.53 m/g, and is negatively charged. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed increasing roughness of nCA/AFA compared to nCA. The drug release from the nano-formulation nCA/AFA demonstrated slow and sustained release compared to the pure drug. Accordingly, nCA/AFA represents a promising drug delivery system for NSCLC treatment.
基于纳米医学的药物递送系统在癌症治疗方面具有重大意义，例如提高稳定性和生物相容性、精准靶向以及降低对非癌细胞的毒性。在此，本研究介绍了碳酸磷灰石纳米颗粒（nCA）的合成与表征以及包封阿法替尼（AFA），作为治疗肺癌的有前景的药物递送候选物。合成了nCA/AFA并对其进行了物理化学表征，然后评估了包封能力、载药量和药物累积释放曲线。粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）证实合成的nCA为磷灰石。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果证实药物已载入纳米颗粒中。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）确定了nCA和nCA/AFA的形态，其直径分别为47.36±3.16和42.97±2.78nm，且nCA相未改变。包封率（%）和载药量（%）分别为55.08%±1.68%和8.19%±0.52%。布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）和动态光散射（DLS）结果表明，合成的nCA是介孔的，表面积为55.53m²/g，且带负电荷。原子力显微镜（AFM）显示，与nCA相比，nCA/AFA的粗糙度增加。与纯药物相比，纳米制剂nCA/AFA的药物释放显示出缓慢且持续的释放。因此，nCA/AFA是一种有前景的非小细胞肺癌治疗药物递送系统。
