Department of Physiotherapy, Redeemer's University Ede, Nigeria.
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2022 Jun 24;39(6):614-622.
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most widely used patient-rated assessment tools but may not be applicable among an overwhelming majority of Nigerians older adults. This is because MMSE was designed and adapted for English speakers, and some of its items are challenging to understand for those with low literacy levels.
This study aimed at translating and adapting MMSE into the Hausa language and also evaluates the psychometric properties of the modified Hausa version of MMSE.
The MMSE was translated and adapted into Hausa language by an Hausa language expert and focus group of experts and the validity of the adapted Hausa MMSE was evaluated against a gold standard (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder V criteria for neurocognitive disorders), among older adults participants (N=100). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Receiver Operating Curve analysis and Cronbach alpha coefficient approach) were employed for data analysis and the alpha level was set at 0.05.
The adapted Hausa MMSE has item content validity index of 0.97 and the mean expert proportion relevant rating, across all the experts was 0.99. The adapted Hausa version of MMSE shows 66.7% sensitivity and 84.7% specificity, when the original MMSE cut off point of 24 was used. With ROC analysis, optimal cut-offs derived were 25 and 26 with Area Under Curve of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.816-0.956; Std.Err: 0.036; P=0.000). However, at the optimal cut off of 26, derived using ROC analysis, the modified Hausa MMSE had sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 71.8% and the tool internal consistency reliability had alpha value of 0.64.
Hausa adapted versions of MMSE is a valid cognitive screening tool for Hausa older adult patients although its use for Screening and for monitoring changes warrant considerations for two separate cut- off points.
简易精神状态检查（MMSE）是最广泛使用的患者自评评估工具之一，但可能不适用于绝大多数尼日利亚老年人。这是因为 MMSE 是专为英语使用者设计和改编的，对于识字水平较低的人来说，其中一些项目难以理解。
本研究旨在将 MMSE 翻译成豪萨语，并评估改良后的豪萨语版 MMSE 的心理测量特性。
MMSE 由一位豪萨语专家和专家焦点小组翻译成豪萨语，并用金标准（精神障碍诊断和统计手册第五版神经认知障碍标准）评估改编后的豪萨语 MMSE 的有效性，纳入老年参与者（N=100）。采用描述性统计和推断统计（接收者操作曲线分析和克朗巴赫阿尔法系数方法）进行数据分析，alpha 水平设为 0.05。
改编后的豪萨语 MMSE 的项目内容效度指数为 0.97，所有专家的平均专家相关评分均为 0.99。当使用原始 MMSE 截断值 24 时，改编后的豪萨语版 MMSE 的灵敏度为 66.7%，特异性为 84.7%。使用 ROC 分析，最佳截断值为 25 和 26，曲线下面积为 0.886（95%CI：0.816-0.956；Std.Err：0.036；P=0.000）。然而，在使用 ROC 分析得出的最佳截断值 26 时，改良后的豪萨语 MMSE 的灵敏度为 93.3%，特异性为 71.8%，工具内部一致性可靠性的 alpha 值为 0.64。
尽管豪萨语改编版 MMSE 是豪萨老年患者有效的认知筛查工具，但考虑到两个单独的截断值，其用于筛查和监测变化的用途需要考虑。
