Chhabra Sandeep, Sethi Suman, Kaur Simran, Singla Monika, Jindal Jyoti, Midha Vandana, Mahajan Rajesh, Bansal Namita, Mohan Bishav
Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Department of Nephrology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2022 Apr-Jun;12(2):95-102. doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_691_21. Epub 2022 May 10.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to a devastating pandemic that hit majority of the countries globally in a wave-like pattern. The characteristics of the disease varied in different geographical areas and different populations. This study highlights the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 during two major waves in North India.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of all COVID-19-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-positive patients, admitted from March 2020 to June 2021, to a tertiary care center in North India, were studied retrospectively.
During this period, total of 5652 patients were diagnosed having COVID. Patients who were incidentally diagnosed as COVID-positive (=667) with other unrelated comorbid conditions and patients admitted under level 1 facility (=1655; 1219 from first and 436 from second wave) were excluded from final analysis. Males were most commonly affected in both waves, with male to female ratio 4:1 in first and 3:1 in second wave. First wave had significantly more people with co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension (=0.001), whereas younger age group (age <40 years) were significantly more affected in second wave (= 0.000). Fever was the most common presenting complaint in both waves, followed by cough and breathlessness. Patients during first wave had more severe disease at presentation and high mortality compared to the second wave.
Majority of the patients with COVID-19 infection presenting to our hospital were young during the second wave. Fever was noted as presenting manifestation. Mortality was low during the second wave as compared to the first wave, likely to be due to proper protocol-based treatment resulting in better outcomes.
由新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）引发的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2导致了一场毁灭性的大流行，以波浪式模式席卷了全球大多数国家。该疾病的特征在不同地理区域和不同人群中有所不同。本研究重点关注印度北部两次主要疫情浪潮期间COVID-19的流行病学和临床特征。
对2020年3月至2021年6月期间入住印度北部一家三级护理中心的所有COVID-19逆转录聚合酶链反应阳性患者的临床特征和结局进行回顾性研究。
在此期间，共诊断出5652例COVID患者。最终分析排除了偶然被诊断为COVID阳性（=667例）且伴有其他无关合并症的患者以及在一级医疗机构住院的患者（=1655例；第一波1219例，第二波436例）。两波疫情中男性受影响最为常见，第一波男女比例为4:1，第二波为3:1。第一波中患有糖尿病和高血压等合并症的人数显著更多（=0.001），而第二波中年龄较小的人群（年龄<40岁）受影响更为显著（=0.000）。发热是两波疫情中最常见的主诉，其次是咳嗽和呼吸急促。与第二波相比，第一波患者就诊时病情更严重，死亡率更高。
第二波疫情期间到我院就诊的大多数COVID-19感染患者较为年轻。发热是主要表现。与第一波相比，第二波疫情期间死亡率较低，这可能是由于基于规范的治疗取得了更好的治疗效果。
