Chidambaram Sathya, Pasupathy Umapathy, Geminiganesan Sangeetha, R Divya
Department of Paediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Paediatric Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2022 May 24;14(5):e25291. doi: 10.7759/cureus.25291. eCollection 2022 May.
Background and objective Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common causes of febrile illness in young children. Vitamin D influences the levels of endogenous cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, which improves bladder wall immunity and prevents UTIs. In light of this, we conducted this study to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and UTIs in children and to identify whether vitamin D deficiency is one of the risk factors for UTIs. Materials and methods This was a case-control study of children aged between one to five years. Eighty-two children with the first episode of febrile culture-proven UTI as cases and 82 healthy children as a control group were included in this study. The sera were analyzed for 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and classified as vitamin-D deficient if their level was below 30 ng/mL. Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers and percentages. Continuous data were expressed as means and standard deviations (SD). Pearson's chi-square test was used to test the significance of the differences in variables between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression equation methods were used to predict the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results The mean age of the study and the control group was 2.36 ±1.42 years and 2.57 ±1.26 years, respectively. The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in the patients and controls were 24.27 ±9.70 ng/mL and 31.97 ±10.7 ng/mL (p<0.001), respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 34 (41.5%) patients and 10 (2.2%) in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Based on our findings, vitamin D deficiency might be one of the risk factors for UTIs in children. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with febrile UTIs in children between one to five years of age.
背景与目的 尿路感染（UTI）是幼儿发热性疾病的常见病因之一。维生素D会影响内源性杀菌肽的水平，这种抗菌肽可增强膀胱壁免疫力并预防尿路感染。鉴于此，我们开展了本研究，以确定儿童维生素D缺乏与尿路感染之间的关联，并确定维生素D缺乏是否为尿路感染的危险因素之一。
材料与方法 这是一项针对1至5岁儿童的病例对照研究。本研究纳入了82例首次出现经发热培养证实的尿路感染患儿作为病例组，以及82例健康儿童作为对照组。分析血清中的25-羟基维生素D水平，若其水平低于30 ng/mL则分类为维生素D缺乏。描述性统计以数字和百分比表示。连续数据以均值和标准差（SD）表示。采用Pearson卡方检验来检验两组之间变量差异的显著性。使用多元逻辑回归方程方法来预测因变量和自变量之间的关系。
结果 研究组和对照组的平均年龄分别为2.36±1.42岁和2.57±1.26岁。患者和对照组的平均血清25-羟基维生素D水平分别为24.27±9.70 ng/mL和31.97±10.7 ng/mL（p<0.001）。病例组中有34例（41.5%）存在维生素D缺乏，对照组中有10例（）存在维生素D缺乏（p<0.001）。
结论 根据我们的研究结果，维生素D缺乏可能是儿童尿路感染的危险因素之一。维生素D缺乏与1至5岁儿童的发热性尿路感染显著相关。
