ADVETIA Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire, Vélizy-Villacoublay, Île-de-France, France.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy.
J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Aug;24(8):e269-e280. doi: 10.1177/1098612X221104747. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of sedation with three different anaesthetic protocols (alfaxalone combined with butorphanol, methadone or pethidine) administered intramuscularly in cats, and to evaluate the influence of the injection site (between supraspinatus and quadriceps muscles) on the onset and quality of sedation.
A total of 151 cats were selected for this study. Cats were sedated with alfaxalone (3 mg/kg) combined with either butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg; n = 50), methadone (0.3 mg/kg; n = 53) or pethidine (5 mg/kg; n = 48). The combination was injected intramuscularly into the supraspinatus (n = 79) or quadriceps muscle (n = 72). The data included a scoring system for the quality of sedation and physiological parameters, such as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, body temperature and occurrence of mydriasis, monitored during the first 30 mins of anaesthesia.
The opioid associated with alfaxalone influenced the overall sedation score, the degree of myorelaxation, the occurrence of mydriasis and HR. The overall sedation score was poorer with butorphanol than with methadone ( = 0.008), and butorphanol induced a lower degree of myorelaxation than methadone ( = 0.013). The injection into the supraspinatus showed better qualitative results for sedation and a faster onset time (in about 3 mins) than that into the quadriceps ( <0.001). HR decreased from baseline ( <0.001) and over time ( <0.001), mainly in cats of the butorphanol-supraspinatus and pethidine-quadriceps groups ( = 0.004). The occurrence of mydriasis was lower after butorphanol than after methadone and pethidine ( = 0.025), while the incidence of side effects did not differ among groups.
All three protocols provided a good quality of sedation and allowed performing the scheduled procedure. Moreover, the injection into the supraspinatus muscle showed superior results in all the qualitative scores of sedation and quicker onset time than that into the quadriceps muscle.
本研究旨在比较三种不同麻醉方案（氟烷酮联合布托啡诺、美沙酮或哌替啶）肌内注射在猫中的镇静质量，并评估注射部位（三角肌和股四头肌之间）对镇静起效和质量的影响。
本研究共纳入 151 只猫。猫用氟烷酮（3mg/kg）联合布托啡诺（0.3mg/kg；n=50）、美沙酮（0.3mg/kg；n=53）或哌替啶（5mg/kg；n=48）进行镇静。联合用药肌内注射至三角肌（n=79）或股四头肌（n=72）。数据包括镇静质量评分和生理参数，如心率（HR）、呼吸频率、体温和瞳孔散大的发生，在麻醉后的前 30 分钟内进行监测。
与氟烷酮相关的阿片类药物影响整体镇静评分、肌肉松弛程度、瞳孔散大的发生和 HR。与美沙酮相比，布托啡诺的整体镇静评分更差（ =0.008），且布托啡诺引起的肌肉松弛程度低于美沙酮（ =0.013）。与股四头肌相比，三角肌注射的镇静效果更好，起效更快（约 3 分钟）（ <0.001）。HR 从基线下降（ <0.001）并随时间推移而下降（ <0.001），主要发生在布托啡诺三角肌和哌替啶股四头肌组（ =0.004）。与美沙酮和哌替啶相比，布托啡诺后瞳孔散大的发生率较低（ =0.025），而各组之间的不良反应发生率没有差异。
三种方案均能提供良好的镇静质量，并能进行预定的手术。此外，与股四头肌相比，三角肌注射在所有镇静质量评分和更快的起效时间方面均表现出更好的结果。
