Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 29;17(6):e0270537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270537. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19 infection is normally followed by several post-COVID effects. This study aimed to investigate to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles.
During this cross-sectional survey-based study, a convenience sample of 483 women from Jordan and from Iraq, who had infected with COVID-19 were invited to fill-out the study questionnaire.
The study was conducted on the females, with a median age 31 years old. Results showed that 47.2% of them (n = 228) suffered from a change in the number of days between two consecutive periods, as well as from a change in the amount of blood loss. Also, more than 50% of them believed that COVID-19 infection may cause changes in the amount of blood loss during the cycle (n = 375, 56.9%), and changes in the number of days between the two consecutive periods (n = 362, 54.2%). Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational level (bachelor or higher) (Beta = -0.114, P = 0.011), and those living in Iraq (Beta = -0.166, P<0.001) believed that COVID-19 has lower tendency to cause menstrual changes. In addition, non-married females (Beta = 0.109, P = 0.017), and those who are current smokers (Beta = 0.091, P = 0.048) believed that COVID-19 has higher tendency to cause menstrual changes.
his study revealed that COVID-19 infection could affect the menstrual cycle for the females. Further prospective studies should be done to confirm these findings and evaluate how long these menstrual irregularities lasted.
COVID-19 感染通常会伴随多种 COVID-19 后症状。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 感染后女性的月经变化，并评估女性对 COVID-19 对其月经周期影响的认知。
在这项基于横断面调查的研究中，我们邀请了来自约旦和伊拉克的 483 名感染 COVID-19 的女性填写研究问卷。
研究对象为女性，中位年龄为 31 岁。结果显示，47.2%（n=228）的人经期天数发生变化，以及经血量发生变化。此外，超过 50%的人认为 COVID-19 感染可能导致月经周期内出血量变化（n=375，56.9%），以及经期天数变化（n=362，54.2%）。回归分析显示，教育程度较高的参与者（学士及以上）（β=-0.114，P=0.011）和居住在伊拉克的参与者（β=-0.166，P<0.001）认为 COVID-19 导致月经变化的可能性较低。此外，未婚女性（β=0.109，P=0.017）和当前吸烟者（β=0.091，P=0.048）认为 COVID-19 导致月经变化的可能性更高。
本研究表明 COVID-19 感染可能会影响女性的月经周期。需要进一步进行前瞻性研究以证实这些发现，并评估这些月经不规律持续的时间。
