Wang Jinlan, Feng Jianqing, Zhu Yongbao, Li Dandan, Wang Jianing, Chi Weiwei
National Administration of Health Data, Jinan, China.
96608 Army Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hanzhong, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 13;13:931065. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931065. eCollection 2022.
The oral cavity is an important window for microbial communication between the environment and the human body. The oral microbiome plays an important role in human health. However, compared to the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome has been poorly explored. Here, we analyzed 404 datasets from human oral saliva samples published by the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) and compared them with 815 samples from the human gut, nose/pharynx, and skin. The diversity of the human saliva microbiome varied significantly among individuals, and the community compositions were complex and diverse. The saliva microbiome showed the lowest species diversity among the four environment types. Human oral habitats shared a small core bacterial community containing only 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) under 5 phyla, which occupied over 75% of the sequence abundance. For the four habitats, the core taxa of the saliva microbiome had the greatest impact on saliva habitats than other habitats and were mostly unique. In addition, the saliva microbiome showed significant differences in the populations of different regions, which may be determined by the living environment and lifestyle/dietary habits. Finally, the correlation analysis showed high similarity between the saliva microbiome and the microbiomes of Aerosol (non-saline) and Surface (non-saline), i.e., two environment types closely related to human, suggesting that contact and shared environment being the driving factors of microbial transmission. Together, these findings expand our understanding of human oral diversity and biogeography.
口腔是环境与人体之间微生物交流的重要窗口。口腔微生物群对人类健康起着重要作用。然而，与肠道微生物群相比，口腔微生物群的研究还很不足。在此，我们分析了地球微生物组计划（EMP）发布的404个人类口腔唾液样本数据集，并将其与815个人类肠道、鼻/咽和皮肤样本进行了比较。人类唾液微生物群的多样性在个体间差异显著，群落组成复杂多样。唾液微生物群在这四种环境类型中物种多样性最低。人类口腔栖息地共有一个小型核心细菌群落，仅包含5个门以下的14个可操作分类单元（OTU），其序列丰度占比超过75%。对于这四种栖息地，唾液微生物群的核心分类群对唾液栖息地的影响比其他栖息地更大，且大多是独特的。此外，唾液微生物群在不同区域的种群中表现出显著差异，这可能由生活环境和生活方式/饮食习惯决定。最后，相关性分析表明，唾液微生物群与气溶胶（非盐水）和表面（非盐水）这两种与人类密切相关的环境类型的微生物群高度相似，这表明接触和共享环境是微生物传播的驱动因素。总之，这些发现扩展了我们对人类口腔多样性和生物地理学的理解。
