Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yopougon Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Centre "Vivre Debout", Yopougon Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2022 Jul-Sep;19(3):171-175. doi: 10.4103/ajps.AJPS_62_21.
Scoliosis is the most frequent spine deformity in children. Epidemiological data are available in Western countries due to the systematic screening policies implemented at school. Unfortunately, in our country, there are neither national data nor screening policy for scoliosis. Are the epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics of scoliosis in our practice similar to the data in the literature?
We retrospectively reviewed 106 medical records of patients under 19 years old between 2010 and 2019 at the 'Vivre Debout' Centre for structural scoliosis confirmed by spine X-ray with a Cobb angle ≥10°. The epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics were noted. The data were treated with Excel 2010.
The mean frequency of scoliosis was 10 cases/year. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1:1.3. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.2 ± 2.13 years. There was a family history of scoliosis in two cases (1.8%). Twenty-four girls (39.3%) out of 61 had had menarche at the time of diagnosis. The mean time from noticing deformity to consultation was 17.9 ± 21.9 months. Lateral deviation of the spine (n = 77; 72.6%), hump (n = 12; 11.3%) and pain (n = 3; 2.8%) were the main complaints for consultation. In 14 cases (13.2%), the discovery was fortuitous during a medical examination for another complaint. The curvature was single in 88 cases (83%) and double in 18 (17%). The convexity was right in 69 cases (65.1%) and left in 37 (34.9%). Curvatures were thoracic (n = 57; 53.8%), lumbar (n = 10; 9.4%) and thoracolumbar (n = 39; 36.8%). The average Cobb angle was 35.2° ±10.71° (range: 11°-90°). Curvatures were moderate (20°-40°) in 49 cases (46.2) and severe (>40°) in 18 (17%). The aetiologies were predominated by idiopathic causes (n = 79; 74.5%), followed by congenital (n = 16; 15.1%) and neuromuscular (n = 11; 10.4%) causes.
Scoliosis is uncommon in our practice. It is characterised by single curvature. The predominance of moderate and severe curvatures was due to delayed consultation.
脊柱侧凸是儿童中最常见的脊柱畸形。由于在学校实施了系统的筛查政策，西方国家有流行病学数据。不幸的是，在我国，既没有全国性的数据，也没有脊柱侧凸的筛查政策。我们实践中的脊柱侧凸的流行病学和诊断特征与文献中的数据相似吗？
我们回顾性分析了 2010 年至 2019 年在“Vivre Debout”结构性脊柱侧凸中心接受治疗的 106 名 19 岁以下患者的医疗记录，这些患者的脊柱 X 射线显示 Cobb 角≥10°，确诊为脊柱侧凸。记录了流行病学和诊断特征。数据使用 Excel 2010 处理。
脊柱侧凸的平均发病率为每年 10 例。男女比例为 1:1.3。诊断时的平均年龄为 11.2±2.13 岁。有两例（1.8%）患者有家族脊柱侧凸病史。61 名女孩中有 24 名（39.3%）在诊断时已初潮。从发现畸形到就诊的平均时间为 17.9±21.9 个月。脊柱侧凸（n=77；72.6%）、脊柱后凸（n=12；11.3%）和疼痛（n=3；2.8%）是就诊的主要主诉。在 14 例（13.2%）中，发现是在因其他主诉进行的体检中偶然发现的。88 例（83%）为单弯曲，18 例（17%）为双弯曲。69 例（65.1%）凸侧为右侧，37 例（34.9%）凸侧为左侧。弯曲为胸段（n=57；53.8%）、腰段（n=10；9.4%）和胸腰段（n=39；36.8%）。平均 Cobb 角为 35.2°±10.71°（范围：11°-90°）。49 例（46.2%）为中度（20°-40°）弯曲，18 例（17%）为重度（>40°）弯曲。病因以特发性为主（n=79；74.5%），其次是先天性（n=16；15.1%）和神经肌肉性（n=11；10.4%）。
脊柱侧凸在我们的实践中并不常见。它的特征是单弯曲。中度和重度弯曲的比例较高是由于就诊时间延迟所致。
