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葡萄籽和葡萄皮提取物，一种通过调节肠道微生物群具有抗肥胖作用的潜在益生元。

Grape seed and skin extract, a potential prebiotic with anti-obesity effect through gut microbiota modulation.

作者信息

Mokrani Mohamed, Charradi Kamel, Limam Ferid, Aouani Ezzedine, Urdaci Maria C

机构信息

Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, CBMN, Interactions Bactéries Probiotiques Hôte, 1, Cours du Général de Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan Cedex, France.

Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

出版信息

Gut Pathog. 2022 Jul 6;14(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s13099-022-00505-0.

DOI:10.1186/s13099-022-00505-0
PMID:35794638
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9258160/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a worldwide health problem and a significant risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in obesity, and prebiotics such as polyphenols could be one way to improve microbial dysbiosis-induced obesity.

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE), and/or orlistat on obese rats fed with high fat diet by targeting GM modulations. The impact of treatments was also studied in non-obese rats.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Rats were rendered obese or kept with a standard diet for three months. Then they were treated either with GSSE or orlistat or with the combined treatment (GSOR) during three months and then sacrificed. Adipose tissues, blood and faeces were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

In obese rats and to a lesser extent in non-obese rats, treatments decreased the weight of various adipose tissues and the serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, lipase, and CRP and increased HDL and adiponectin. GSOR treatment was even more efficient that orlistat. Obese rats had less GM diversity than non-obese rats and orlistat reduced it even more. However, diversity was restored with GSSE and GSOR treatments. Potential pathogenic Streptococcus alactolyticus/gallolyticus species were greatly increased in obese rats and drastically reduced with the treatments, as wells as other potential pathobionts.

CONCLUSIONS

GSSE exerts beneficial effects in obese rats and restores, at least partially, the observed dysbiosis. GSOR induced the highest beneficial effect. Moreover, the various treatments could also enhance physiological and GM modifications in non obese rats.

摘要

背景

肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题，也是糖尿病和心血管疾病的重要风险因素。肠道微生物群（GM）在肥胖中起重要作用，而多酚等益生元可能是改善微生物失调引起的肥胖的一种方法。

目的

本研究旨在通过靶向GM调节来评估葡萄籽和葡萄皮提取物（GSSE）和/或奥利司他对高脂饮食喂养的肥胖大鼠的有效性。还研究了这些治疗方法对非肥胖大鼠的影响。

材料与方法

将大鼠诱导成肥胖状态或保持标准饮食三个月。然后在三个月内用GSSE或奥利司他或联合治疗（GSOR）进行治疗，然后处死。收集并分析脂肪组织、血液和粪便。

结果

在肥胖大鼠中，以及在较小程度上在非肥胖大鼠中，治疗降低了各种脂肪组织的重量以及胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、脂肪酶和CRP的血清水平，并增加了高密度脂蛋白和脂联素。GSOR治疗比奥利司他更有效。肥胖大鼠的GM多样性低于非肥胖大鼠，奥利司他使其多样性进一步降低。然而，GSSE和GSOR治疗恢复了多样性。潜在致病性的解乳糖链球菌/解没食子酸链球菌在肥胖大鼠中大量增加，治疗后大幅减少，其他潜在的致病共生菌也是如此。

结论

GSSE对肥胖大鼠有有益作用，并至少部分恢复了观察到的失调。GSOR诱导的有益效果最高。此外，各种治疗方法还可以增强非肥胖大鼠的生理和GM改变。

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