Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
J Orthod. 2022 Dec;49(4):412-419. doi: 10.1177/14653125221106489. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
To apply an automated computerised method to categorise and determine the prevalence of different types of lip traits, and to explore associations between lip traits and sex differences.
Observational descriptive study utilising an automated method of facial assessment.
A total of 4747 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who each had 3D facial scans carried out at 15 years of age.
Each of the participants was automatically categorised regarding predetermined lip morphological traits. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the prevalence of the different types of each trait, and chi-square tests were used to investigate sex differences and associations between traits.
A total of 4730 individuals were assessed (47% male, 53% female). Eight predetermined lip traits have been reported previously. There were differences in prevalence for all lip traits in male and female patients (all ⩽ 0.0002), with differences between the sexes described for each trait. For example, a deeply grooved philtrum of average width was more prevalent in boys, and an indentation near the upper vermilion border was more prevalent in girls. Each of the traits was significantly associated with the other traits (all < 0.0001), with particularly strong associations seen between traits in the same region (e.g. upper lip). Individual associations between traits are reported; for example, a straight lip contour was found to be associated with no true vermilion border in both the upper and lower lip regions.
The automated computerised method described is an invaluable tool for the categorisation of lip morphological traits. The prevalence of various types of traits has been described. Sexual dimorphism exists for all the lip traits assessed. Generally, each of the traits are associated with all other traits, with individual associations reported.
应用自动化计算机方法对不同类型的唇特征进行分类和确定其流行率，并探讨唇特征与性别差异之间的关联。
利用面部评估的自动化方法进行的观察描述性研究。
共有 4747 名来自阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子（ALSPAC）的儿童，他们每个人在 15 岁时都进行了 3D 面部扫描。
根据预定的唇形态特征，对每个参与者进行自动分类。应用描述性统计数据报告不同类型特征的流行率，并使用卡方检验调查性别差异和特征之间的关联。
共评估了 4730 人（47%为男性，53%为女性）。之前已经报告了 8 种预定的唇特征。男性和女性患者的所有唇特征的流行率均存在差异（所有 ⩽ 0.0002），并且对每个特征描述了性别之间的差异。例如，中等宽度的深沟唇柱在男孩中更为普遍，而在上唇红边界附近的凹陷在女孩中更为普遍。每个特征与其他特征显著相关（所有 ⩽ 0.0001），同一区域的特征之间存在特别强的关联（例如上唇）。报告了特征之间的个体关联；例如，直唇轮廓在下唇和上唇区域都与没有真正的唇红边界相关。
描述的自动化计算机方法是分类唇形态特征的宝贵工具。已经描述了各种类型特征的流行率。评估的所有唇特征都存在性别二态性。一般来说，每个特征都与所有其他特征相关，报告了个体关联。
