Nimita Jebaranjitham J, Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj, Prasannan Adhimoorthy, Rajagopalan Kamarajan, Chelladurai Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar, Gnanaraja Jemima Kamalapriya John Samuel
Department of Chemistry, Women's Christian College (An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to University of Madras), College Road, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India.
Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Heliyon. 2022 Jul 2;8(7):e09855. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09855. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Annually, world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of solid wastes and it is expected to generate 2.2 billion tonnes of solid waste by 2025. Globally double the amount of waste generation was anticipated by 2050, hence an urgent action is required for this intricate problem in adopting better management techniques and recycling strategies. Unfortunately, poor management of wastes causes vulnerable effects to the society in terms of health. Waste management is the key infrastructure to be developed in society, but so far it is not recognized as much in many developing countries. Significant innovations and improvements are made in the last few decades globally, but still 2 to 3 billion people around the world lack access to waste collection services. The aim of this present study is to give an overview of different types of waste techniques that are effectively followed by different countries and the action plans need to follow. This review focuses on the global current scenario of waste generation, and its management methods with relevant literatures providing the upgrades in the phases of waste management services like collection and transport, various techniques adopted for waste management, policies and legislation, countries investment in waste management process and the impact of solid waste management during Covid-19. Collectively we conclude that Asian countries need to allot more fund for handling solid waste. Also with the available waste management technique, it is not possible to achieve zero waste. Therefore, more new techniques are needed to be adapted.
全球每年产生20.1亿吨固体废物，预计到2025年将产生22亿吨固体废物。预计到2050年，全球废物产生量将翻倍，因此迫切需要采取行动，通过采用更好的管理技术和回收策略来解决这个复杂的问题。不幸的是，废物管理不善会对社会健康造成不良影响。废物管理是社会需要发展的关键基础设施，但在许多发展中国家，它目前尚未得到足够的重视。在过去几十年里，全球在这方面取得了重大创新和进步，但仍有20亿至30亿人无法获得废物收集服务。本研究的目的是概述不同国家有效采用的各类废物处理技术以及需要遵循的行动计划。本综述聚焦于全球当前的废物产生情况及其管理方法，相关文献介绍了废物管理服务各阶段（如收集和运输）的改进、采用的各种废物管理技术、政策和法规、各国在废物管理过程中的投资以及新冠疫情期间固体废物管理的影响。我们共同得出结论，亚洲国家需要拨出更多资金来处理固体废物。此外，仅靠现有的废物管理技术，无法实现零废物目标。因此，需要采用更多新技术。
