Cardinaletti Gloriana, Di Marco Patrizia, Daniso Enrico, Messina Maria, Donadelli Valeria, Finoia Maria Grazia, Petochi Tommaso, Fava Francesca, Faccenda Filippo, Contò Michela, Cerri Roberto, Volpatti Donatella, Bulfon Chiara, Mandich Alberta, Longobardi Alessandro, Marino Giovanna, Pulido-Rodriguez Lina Fernanda, Parisi Giuliana, Tibaldi Emilio
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;12(13):1698. doi: 10.3390/ani12131698.
This study compared the nutrient-energy retention, digestive function, growth performance, and welfare of rainbow trout (ibw 54 g) fed isoproteic (42%), isolipidic (24%), fishmeal-free diets (CV) over 13 weeks. The diets consisted of plant-protein replacement with graded levels (10, 30, 60%) of protein from poultry by-product (PBM) and black soldier fly H. illucens pupae (BSFM) meals, either singly or in combination. A fishmeal-based diet was also tested (CF). Nitrogen retention improved with moderate or high levels of dietary PBM and BSFM relative to CV (p < 0.05). Gut brush border enzyme activity was poorly affected by the diets. Gastric chitinase was up-regulated after high BSFM feeding (p < 0.05). The gut peptide and amino acid transport genes were differently regulated by protein source and level. Serum cortisol was unaffected, and the changes in metabolites stayed within the physiological range. High PBM and high BSFM lowered the leukocyte respiratory burst activity and increased the lysozyme activity compared to CV (p < 0.05). The BSFM and PBM both significantly changed the relative percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes (p < 0.05). In conclusion, moderate to high PBM and BSFM inclusions in fishmeal-free diets, either singly or in combination, improved gut function and nutrient retention, resulting in better growth performance and the good welfare of the rainbow trout.
本研究比较了初始体重54克的虹鳟鱼在13周内摄食等蛋白（42%）、等脂（24%）、无鱼粉日粮（对照日粮）时的营养能量保留、消化功能、生长性能和健康状况。日粮包括用不同比例（10%、30%、60%）的家禽副产品（PBM）和黑水虻蛹（BSFM）粉单独或组合替代植物蛋白，同时也测试了一种基于鱼粉的日粮（对照日粮）。相对于对照日粮，日粮中中等或高水平的PBM和BSFM可提高氮保留（p<0.05）。日粮对肠道刷状缘酶活性影响较小。高BSFM日粮组的胃几丁质酶上调（p<0.05）。肠道肽和氨基酸转运基因受蛋白质来源和水平的调控方式不同。血清皮质醇未受影响，代谢物变化保持在生理范围内。与对照日粮相比，高PBM和高BSFM日粮组降低了白细胞呼吸爆发活性，增加了溶菌酶活性（p<0.05）。BSFM和PBM均显著改变了淋巴细胞和单核细胞的相对百分比（p<0.05）。总之，在无鱼粉日粮中单独或组合添加中等至高剂量的PBM和BSFM可改善肠道功能和营养保留，从而提高虹鳟鱼的生长性能和健康状况。
