Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 26;19(13):7853. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137853.
COVID-19 has changed people's routines and imposed new ways of living. This study investigated variations in lifestyles (namely, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking) between the prepandemic and the pandemic period in a sample of older adults with hypertension. Moreover, it investigated predictors of adherence to government restrictions during the first lockdown period, evidencing the role of relevant sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle changes. A sample of 105 older Italian adults (M_age = 70 years; SD = 5.83) with hypertension was enrolled from a previous longitudinal study and interviewed on the phone between May and August 2020. Updated information about sociodemographic indicators and lifestyle changes was collected. Adherence to restrictions was explored through several questions regarding compliance with home confinement, facemask use, and the observance of social distancing. Results evidenced that only 33% of the respondents abided by all the national restrictions. During the first pandemic peak, considerable changes in lifestyles occurred, particularly regarding physical activity, which diminished in 70% of the sample. Women, unemployed/retired people, and individuals who decreased their amount of physical activity reported higher adherence to rules. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle over time is essential for disease prevention. Therefore, it is essential to continue to inform the population about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, and it is necessary to provide guidelines to maintain and promote it even during housebound periods.
COVID-19 改变了人们的日常生活习惯,提出了新的生活方式。本研究调查了高血压老年患者样本在大流行前和大流行期间生活方式(即体力活动、饮食、饮酒和吸烟)的变化。此外,还调查了在第一次封锁期间遵守政府限制的预测因素,证明了相关社会人口指标和生活方式变化的作用。从先前的一项纵向研究中招募了 105 名意大利老年高血压成年人(M_age = 70 岁;SD = 5.83),并在 2020 年 5 月至 8 月期间通过电话对他们进行了访谈。收集了有关社会人口指标和生活方式变化的最新信息。通过几个关于遵守居家隔离、戴口罩和遵守社会距离的问题,探讨了对限制措施的遵守情况。结果表明,只有 33%的受访者遵守了所有国家限制。在第一次大流行高峰期间,生活方式发生了相当大的变化,尤其是体力活动,样本中有 70%的人减少了体力活动。女性、失业/退休人员和减少体力活动的人报告了更高的规则遵守率。随着时间的推移保持健康的生活方式对于预防疾病至关重要。因此,必须继续向公众宣传健康生活方式的重要性,并提供指导方针,即使在居家期间也要保持和促进健康的生活方式。